Electronic surveillance free essay sample

Electronic reconnaissance in the working environment Electronic Surveillance in the Workplace: Concerns for Employees and Challenges for Privacy Advocates Anna Johnston and Myra Cheng Paper conveyed 28 November 2002 International Conference on Personal Data Protection Hosted by Personal Information Dispute Mediation Committee, Korea Information Security Agency Seoul, Korea Ms Anna Johnston is the NSW Deputy Privacy Commissioner. Ms Myra Cheng is a Research amp; Policy Officer with Privacy NSW, the Office of the NSW Privacy Commissioner. The creators appreciatively recognize the help of Dr Ben Searle, Macquarie University, in giving an outline of the applicable writing from the field of hierarchical brain science. Presentation This paper responds to the call of discussing protection in the work environment a site of likely clash where there might be coinciding profoundly various perspectives on whether laborers can or ought to have any desires for security. For whatever length of time that there has been business, representatives have been observed. Nebeker D M amp; B C Tatum, The impacts of PC checking, gauges and awards on work execution, work fulfillment and stress (1993) 23(7) Journal of Applied Social Psychology 508 at 508. We will compose a custom exposition test on Electronic reconnaissance or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Be that as it may, as of late, with a domain of reasonable innovation, the accessibility of less effectively recognizable or noticeable checking gadgets, and an absence of satisfactory guideline, there has been a blast in the utilization of electronic observing and reconnaissance in the work environment. An ongoing report by the American Management Association (AMA) found that practically 80% of the biggest organizations in the US had occupied with some type of electronic observation over the earlier year. American Management Association, Workplace Monitoring and Surveillance Survey, (New York: 2001). This figure is more than twofold the rate recorded just five years prior: 35. 3% in 1997. In the same place. However for certain years presently, concerns have been raised about the negative effect of electronic reconnaissance on workers and, as a matter of course, their managers. The Office of the Privacy Commissioner is know as Privacy NSW. the issue of workers’ protection has for quite some time been a worry. We have distributed three exploration reports Privacy Committee of New South Wales, Invisible Eyes: Report on Video Surveillance in the Workplace (Sydney: 1995), Privacy Committee of New South Wales, Drug Testing in the Workplace (Sydney: 1992), Privacy Committee of New South Wales, The Privacy Aspects of Employment Practices in the Private Sector: Employment Guidelines, (Sydney: 1979). what's more, upheld for law change to ensure employees’ protection rights. Work environment security has been of specific worry to us in light of the fact that huge measures of individual data are going into corporate hands where it is unmistakably increasingly thorough, point by point (despite the fact that not really precise), meddling and hard to challenge than data held by the state. At present, working environment rehearses which may influence representative security fall into four classes: (I) checking and observation; (ii) physical and mental testing (counting pre-business testing, tranquilize testing and the utilization of DNA information); (iii) searches of representatives and their property; and (iv) the assortment, use and exposure of workers’ data. Victorian Law Reform Commission, Workplace protection: issues paper (Victoria: 2002) at xii. Checking and observation incorporates: * video and sound reconnaissance and observing; * checking of employees’ PC use and substance (eg email use, web association, PC records and keystroke speed); and * biometric observing and reconnaissance. In the same place, at xii. This paper centers around the utilization of electronic reconnaissance innovations, and the contention emerging from the quick reception of such advances in the work environment. Section 1 gives a review of the improvement of work environment reconnaissance rehearses and the moral and legitimate difficulties they present for society. Section 2 examines the contentions set forward by protection advocates and the worries they raise in regards to electronic execution checking specifically. Section 3 investigations two mechanical clashes which have basically formed the discussion with respect to the guideline of work environment reconnaissance. This paper finishes up with a contention that electronic observing and reconnaissance ought not stay an administrative privilege, and that representative cooperation and government intercession is critical in deciding the fitting equalization to be struck between employees’ desires for security and employers’ authentic interests in embraced working environment observation. I. Electronic Surveillance in the Workplace: An Overview Today practically all occupations can possibly be exposed to some sort of electronic observation. A few occupations more than others are especially defenseless to checking rehearses. Above n 4, at 6. These can run from the workplace laborer whose boss understands their email messages to the market clerk whose standardized identification scanner records the speed at which the person is working. On the same page. For the representatives of call focuses specifically, checking has become a fundamental element of the working environment. While in prior occasions observation was principally constrained to the data that a boss could watch and record firsthand, in the PC age, reconnaissance can be widely inclusive, consistent and immediate. Work environment reconnaissance can take numerous structures. Of those 78% of American firms that confessed to directing reconnaissance on their workers in the ongoing AMA study, practically half said they checked representative calls, either by recording the data about calls made (43. 3%), or by really tuning in to the calls themselves (11. 9%); 7. 8% put away and investigated voice message messages and 46. 5% put away and evaluated electronic mail of workers. Above n 2. An enormous percent checked employees’ PCs, either by recording PC use (time signed on, key strokes, time between sections and so forth †18. 9%), by putting away and assessing employees’ PC records (36. 1%), or by checking Internet associations (62. 8%); 15. 2% admitted to video taping representative occupation execution and 37. 7% to recording for security purposes. In the same place. Because of these discoveries, Eric Rolphe Greenberg, chief of the board learns at the AMA, depicted working environment security as an interesting expression. This paper started by responding to the call of discussing security in the working environment. We recommend it is a test unequivocally on the grounds that ‘the workplace’ isn't a homogenous idea. It includes obscured and socially relative limits between the ‘public’ and the ‘private’ space. The very idea of the business relationship is inalienably that of inconsistent force, and subsequently the working environment might be a site of contention. Indeed, even inside the one working environment, in this manner, there might be existing together profoundly various perspectives on whether laborers can or ought to have any desires for protection. In managing this test, we have contended that security advocates must look past their customary liberal and human rights-based talk and draw in with disciplines as different as authoritative brain research, modern relations and the executives hypothesis. Anyway it ought to be noticed that the ends to be drawn from those different fields will be recognizable to security advocates, as in administered responsibility structures, worked around the center protection standards created by the OECD and the ILO, are the way to guaranteeing a fitting harmony between the assurance of security and the lead of observation.

Employment Relations Japan Essay

Japanese culture is exceptionally different when contrasted with the other western countries, because of their rigid confined approaches and protectionist laws which are intended to ensure their neighborhood organizations and masses. The way of life of the Japanese is esteemed as an over-accomplishing society with every individual endeavoring to turn into the best at their picked work and undertakings. Organizations over the globe recognize that the enterprises, inside which the Japanese enter, become ruled by Japanese organizations inside the main 3 market positions (Alexander, 2003). A similar way of thinking is converted into the workforce and even before the Second World War, the Japanese were receiving rehearses intended to make item quality and best strategic approaches. Be that as it may, the principal abberations among the common laborers and the decision samurai world class started during the war time frames and the individuals who worked in manufacturing plants and businesses understood the unfairness of their working conditions during the war times (Morishima, 1982). The sources in this paper will be books and scholarly diary extricates which have been expressed after extensive time and exertion has been included into the approval of the announcements as realities and after they have been endorsed by other achieved people in the subject. The paper has been isolated into 6 essential parts. The main section talks about the improvement of the work relations of Japanese organizations and workforce. The history is examined inside this segment of the paper. The subsequent section distinguishes the different work showcase parties existing in the Japanese business circles. The gatherings are separated along the lines of worker's organizations, employers’ affiliations and different state jobs in keeping up business relations. The third section of the paper examines the fundamental work relations forms in the Japanese hierarchical structure and discussion about themes, for example, aggregate dealing and representative interest and level of association. The following section takes a gander at the current patterns and future issues relating to the representative relations model in Japan and is absolutely investigative. At long last the rundown is incorporated which will give the compact portrayal of the key discoveries and the focal points and confinements of the information sources. The book index will recognize the different sources utilized in the definition of this paper. The early association of laborers and bosses As examined before, the Japanese society can be partitioned along the lines of the dealers, brokers and representatives and the samurai class. The two gatherings were liable for directing certain exercises and this framework was prevailing since the pre-world war time. In the post world war period, the fringes of Japan opened up extensively and the western styles of the board started entering the country. The USA assumed an indispensable job in aiding in defining the new plans of action for Japan as the western world turned out to be keen on the business potential in the Asian piece of the world (Tabb, 1995). A key component to perceive with respect to the authoritative structures in Japan is that in japanese associations, even to date, the vertical chain of command is significant in the business capacities and regardless of how the organization gives off an impression of being decentralized, the reality lies in the way that workers further down the progressive system are generally expected to acquire more noteworthy duty as opposed to have the option to settle on choices in an increasingly decentralized job (Tabb, 1995). This thought of vertical chain of importance has won all through the Japanese authoritative culture and assumed a negative job in the development of current hierarchical structures and representative relations models. Acknowledgment of Trade Unions Up till the World War, the Japanese didn't look well towards the worker's guilds and the Japanese culture empowered the proprietors the option to do however they wanted keeping up duty over their laborers. The Japanese culture is based on the ace laborer relationship with the ace being answerable for keeping an eye out for the advantages of his laborers while the laborers would be required to satisfy their lords requests unflinchingly. The Fukuzawa and Shibusawa methods of reasoning were especially focused on the discussion in regards to this relationship and assumed a significant job in framing hierarchical structures. Subsequently in the pre-world war time the idea of associations was not famous in Japan. Be that as it may, following the US section into Japan a few changes started to show up in the authoritative models. Exchange and mechanical associations started being encouraged under the US oversight and the legitimate boundaries against association development were annulled. The socialists and communists activists were discharged from the detainment facilities and this quickened the quantity of associations being framed for the assurance of the laborers against the decision class and by 1949, a negligible a long time since the development started, around 34000 associations had been made with around 7 million individuals in totality (Pempel, 1998). The reason for the Japanese associations anyway were not mechanical but rather appeared to be pulled in towards political linkages as most associations favored the Japanese Communist Party and the Japanese Socialist Party and these associations started utilizing their impact towards coercing the administration through strikes and demonstrations on a genuinely standard level (Pempel, 1998). The associations are still politically slanted and not at all like the US style, are genuinely dynamic in political plans. Job of the State in the developmental period The Sanbetsu Kaigi was a significant association which effectively mobilized laborers against the legislature and the administration found that the radical were utilizing the associations to pressurize the administration into fulfilling their needs by controlling with the country’s creation levels. The legislature understood that it would need to assume control over issues as before the finish of 1948, the absolute creation was still just 65% of the level which was delivered in 1930-4 (Neary, 2002). The reaction to this issue came through making second associations and lock-outs with respect to associations to diminish the dependence on the difficulty making aggressor gatherings. The subsequent associations were progressively consistent and would be as extensive as the base required number of individuals to run the production line. The legislature reacted by leading a â€Å"red purge† which was planned for expelling socialist groups from inside associations and during the 1950s the administration and SCAP (Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers) actualized approaches to expel socialist individuals from open posts and colleges (Neary, 2002). We can in this way observe the state assumed a legitimately included job in making the structure of the associations and not at all like free market economies where the market pressures direct detailing of such elements, the administration was shaping the structures itself. Broadening of Interests and Organizations The worker's organization development in Japan was legitimately changed throughout the following 10 years following the World War. The extreme worker's guild developments which were saturated with radical philosophy were steadily defeated as the businesses and associations attempted to keep up correspondence linkages with the laborers and by utilizing the concentrated correspondence and offering compassionate administrations. Worker's guilds in Japan are sorted out on the endeavor base dissimilar to different nations where the worker's guilds are normally mechanical or make based (Tsujino, 1992). The endeavor based associations vary from other worldwide associations in light of the fact that the individuals from this associations wish for the venture to prevail as it would bring about more prominent pay rates and better work environment climate. Not at all like worker's organizations implied for whole businesses, these endeavor based associations have a more clear vision and objective. The Japanese worker's guilds subsequently become more representative arranged and lead to more prominent helpful worries from the associations. Worker's guilds The worker's organization structure inside Japan lies in the way that the most fundamental unit is the endeavor worker's guild. This worker's organization falls inside a mechanical league which is itself associated with a general pinnacle association (Benson and Zhu, 2008). Starting at 2005 the quantity of associations remained at 61,178 which was a decay of 15. 3 percent from 1990. The all out number of endorsers at the time added up to 10,014,000 which was likewise a decrease in the all out number of individuals since 1990 at a declining pace of 18. 7 percent. The significant national pinnacle association organization in Japan is the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (privately known as Rengo) which comprises 54 modern association leagues (starting at 2006). Rengo itself was made in 1987 by a merger between 5 private segment top association bodies. The solidarity is crude in the association development and it does not have a binding together factor. Two other significant pinnacle association bodies which have surfaced are: the National Confederation of Trade Unions (Zenroren), a battle ready and profoundly political-plan association top body and The National Trade Union Council (Zenrokyo). The absolute level of patrons inside these 3 bodies adds up to 75. 6% starting at 2003 (Benson and Zhu, 2008). Employers’ Associations which are legitimately perceived by the state are frequently alluded to as Employers’ affiliations. In contrast to different nations, Japan has one significant employers’ affiliation which fundamentally covers all the country’s private endeavors under its umbrella. The Japan Federation of Employers’ Associations (Nikkeiren) is the body which speaks to and organizes the body dealings with work and social issues in the state. All the employers’ affiliations are composed inside this body and means to build participation between the affiliations. Nikkeiren is made out of 47 prefectural and 54 mechanical affiliations and in totality covers around 30,000 enterprises. Despite the fact that the body doesn't haggle with respect to its individuals, it looks into the exchange procedure (International Labor Organization, 1994). The job of the state I

Stratigec management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stratigec the executives - Essay Example The principal period is called as the ‘Entrepreneur era’ that begins from 1909 to 1939.In 1909 HFS manufactured his first model with the assistance of Malvern young men school designing workshop and W. Stephenson Peach, grandson of the creator of the â€Å"Rocket†. (morgan-motor.co.uk) . Sir John Black aided in achieving patent for sliding column suspension. The structures made by HFS were lightweight and basic for unwavering quality. In 1910 the Morgan Runabout was displayed at the Olympia engine show London. The three wheeler runabout was a vehicle made with the point of making low valued vehicle accessible to the majority. The Three wheelers profited by the bringing down of the street burdens by  £3 (bcu.ac.uk). The Morgan engine organization picked up notoriety by 1928 as the most favored games vehicle. A lot more games adaptations were propelled on account of their solid establishing and furthermore more noteworthy speed. By 1936 the processing plant began creating 30,000 vehicles however at this point the idea of three wheeler vehicles got superfluous. As an answer for tackle this issue, HFS structured a vehicle with four haggle chamber models. The period between 1945-1975 imprints the second thirty years of Morgan history. This period was the â€Å"Gung Ho† sports vehicle Era. As time passed on a lot increasingly new vehicles were created like the new form of four-seaters with an advanced look and Morgan engines turned into the primary vehicle organization to get superstar supports. (morgan-motor.co.uk). This period saw the rise of his child Peter Morgan Stanley as an imaginative and inventive pioneer. The following period began from 1975 to 2005 which was portrayed by the overall security and emanation norms for the engine business. In this stage, the organization understood their social obligation and moved in the direction of contributing and securing the earth. The organization improved the working conditions for the work er and furthermore focused on nature of the items. The Morgan air eight was propelled in this

Analytical Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explanatory Framework - Essay Example The third part of explanatory system is the social evaluation grid model. Each segment of the social evaluation framework is fundamental in distinguishing different parts of articles. Posner builds up an article that talks about the present issue inside the US of regarding money related purchasers as consenting grown-ups. Distinguishing whether Posner’s article meets the measures of building up social issues just as unraveling them is just feasible through evaluating the article utilizing the different strides in social appraisal process. Coming up next is a bit by bit investigation of Posner’s article. Bit by bit examination of Posner’s Article 1. Recognizable proof of the key social issues important to the business While leading an article social evaluation the initial step is to distinguish a portion of the key social issues straightforwardly connected to the business, which the writer has recorded. In this progression, all issues that influence tasks of busin ess are incorporated while those that are excessively huge or efficient for the business to cause a significant impact are prohibited. Posner recognizes changes social issues that legitimately influences tasks of business. The primary issue recognized by Posner is purchaser conduct. Purchaser conduct is a fundamental idea in seeing how buyers buy or shopper certain items. Posner’s recognizable proof of shopper conduct depends on money related items. ... Legitimacy of articles is estimated from the different wellsprings of data that an analyst applied in aggregating the data. Posner, in his endeavor to build up a bona fide, legitimate, and dependable article acquires information and data from various sources. For example, Posner utilizes the Treasury Department as one of the wellspring of data in building up the article. As indicated by the writer, Treasury Department’s attestation that there ought to be utilization of real information about how individuals settle on monetary choices to create oversight purchaser fund is an indispensable wellspring of data that helps in building up a bona fide article. Furthermore, Posner utilizes expressions and declarations from, conspicuous people, for example, Elizabeth Warren, Richard Thaler, and Robert Shiller. Different sources incorporate recently done articles, for example, the Journal of Economic Perspective and National Bureau of Economic Research Paper. 3. Starter Classification an d Prioritization of Issues This progression requires diminishing the quantity of issues to sensible size. In the wake of distinguishing customer conduct in regard to buying money related items just as investment funds, Posner limits the conversation to consumers’ conduct towards buying monetary items. Narrowing down to this social issue gives sufficient reality to give a basic assessment of the equivalent. 4. Estimating Current Performance Relative to Key Social Issues In endeavors to take care of issues or social issues recognized, it is of hugeness when the analyst gauges the present execution comparative with the key social issues. While utilizing direct strategy for estimations, Posner recognizes the way that at present there has been poor utilization of money related item because of inadequate

The Trial of Mary Winkler

The Trial of Mary Winkler Mary Winkler, 32, was sentenced for deliberate manslaughterâ for the shotgun firing demise of her better half, Matthew Winkler, in 2006 at their Fourth Street Church of Christ parsonage in Selmer, Tennessee. She was captured the next day in Alabama, where she had taken the couples three youthful girls. Most recent Developments Mary Winkler Wants Daughters BackSept. 11, 2007A Tennessee lady who served just 67 days after she was indicted for shooting her pastor spouse is presently appealing to the court to recover her kids. The three girls of Mary Winkler have been in the authority of her parents in law since she was captured in March 2006. Past Developments Mary Winkler Freed After 67 DaysAug. 14, 2007Mary Winkler has been liberated from authority in the wake of serving just 67 days, the majority of which were spent in an emotional wellness office. She was discharged in the wake of experiencing around two months of treatment. Mary Winkler Sentenced to 210 DaysJune 8, 2007A Tennessee appointed authority condemned Mary Winkler to 210 days imprisonment for her intentional murder conviction. Winkler will get kudos for time she served in prison before she made security, leaving just 60 days that she will really be imprisoned. Indicted Pastors Wife Seeks New TrialJune 7, 2007Mary Winkler, the priests spouse indicted for murder for his passing, is looking for another trialâ before she has even been condemned following her first preliminary. Guard lawyers documented movements a week ago looking for another preliminary dependent on a few decisions the appointed authority made during her preliminary with respect to declaration the jury was permitted to hear. Mary Winkler Guilty of Lesser ChargeApril 19, 2007A jury of ten ladies and two men saw Mary Winkler as liable of intentional murder in the shotgun firing passing of her better half. Under state law, a conviction of willful homicide conveys a sentence of three to six years, with parole conceivable in the wake of carrying out 30 percent of the punishment. Mary Winkler Says Shooting Was AccidentalApril 19, 2007Mary Winkler told the jury of a man entirely different from her spouses unassuming community ministers open picture and said the shotgun unintentionally went blast as she pointed it at him as he had done to her previously. Mary Winkler: My Ugly Came OutApril 14, 2007Jurors in the homicide preliminary of Mary Winkler got a brief look at what may have driven her to shoot her pastor spouse. As indicated by the barrier, Winkler pointed the weapon at Matthew Winkler, as he had pointed it at her previously, to get him to discuss their issues. Jury Selection Begins for Ministers WifeApril 9, 2007Jury choice is planned to start today in the homicide preliminary of Mary Winkler. The preliminary could carry answers to the little Tennessee town of Selmer, where occupants wonder what caused a peaceful, coy evangelists spouse to execute. Preliminary Set April 9 for Pastors WifeFeb. 23, 2007The preliminary of Mary Winkler has been planned for April 9, a date settled upon the two examiners and barrier lawyers. I think everybody is prepared to get this attempted, said Winklers resistance lawyer, Steve Farese Sr. Killed Ministers Wife Out on BailAug. 15, 2006Mary Winkler was discharged from prison on $750,000 bond. Her discharge was postponed for over seven days while the adjudicator surveyed the particulars of her discharge and checked the unwavering quality of the holding organization that posted her bail. Spouse Killed Minister After Money ArgumentJune 6, 2006A Tennessee pastors wife told police that she shot him after they contended about funds at that point let him know Im sorry as he lay passing on in the room of their home, as indicated by declaration at a meeting mentioning security for her discharge from prison. Priests Wife Indicted for MurderJune 12, 2006A substitute grade teacher and the spouse of a pastor who was discovered shot to death in the congregation parsonage has been arraigned for first-degree murder, implying that specialists accept that she intended to slaughter Matthew Winkler, 31. Ministers Wife Charged with First-Degree MurderMarch 24, 2006The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation has given a capture warrant on first-degree murder accusations for Mary Winkler, the spouse of Selmer, Tennessee minister Matthew Winkler. Tennessee Pastor Slain, Family MissingMarch 22, 2006A Tennessee church minister was discovered shot to death after he neglected to appear for Wednesday night administrations and a statewide Amber Alert has been given for his missing spouse and three youthful little girls.

VI-A

VI-A Mankind has always had a yen to travel. Millions of years ago, Mankind would be sitting around the cave, eating raw mastodon parts, and hed say, Marge, I have a yen to travel. And Marge would agree instantly, because she had frankly reached the point where if she saw one more mastadon part, she was going to scream. So off theyd go, these primitive tourists, exploring new territory, seeing new sights, and eventually having their skulls bashed in by the Big Rock Tribe. Thus begins a wonderful book by Dave Barry. Millennia later, we dont seem to have changed all that much. Ive noticed that my personal yen to travel is particularly strong after a long school year of studying. Luckily, MIT understands that its students occasionally want to get out and see the world. In the last year and a half, MIT has helped me go abroad THREE times. Thats ridiculous! Just last summer I was in China. Look, heres proof! : Just Wednesday night, I was in 34-401 (A room at MIT where a lot of EECS events take place) talking to younguns about what an awesome opportunity they have in VI-A. Youll have to take my word on being there; I had no camera. Since I didnt see /you/ there, heres a quick recap, sprinkled with pictures from last summer. Professor Markus Zahn talked about the logistics of the program. VI-A (Pronounced six A, not via) is a program in course 6 (MITs name for its EECS department) lets students work at companies and use that work as material for a Masters thesis. The companies can be right here in Cambridge, MA, somewhere else in the US, or international. Course 6 students go through an interview process in the fall of their junior. The companies rank them, the students rank the companies, and voilà! Matches. From The Penguin and The Dragon Students spend summer after their Junior year working for the company, getting a feel for the program and thinking about a possible Masters project. Then they go back to MIT for their senior year and take more classes. They work for the company again the summer and fall after their senior year, on a project that they plan to write a thesis on. They spend the spring semester after their senior year writing the thesis. And they can graduate with real work experience and a Masters degree. (Me and Kat 09 at a Company Picnic) I think the last part of the presentation was the most inspiring. (Although the food which followed was quite welcome as well!) A dozen students who have been through part or all of the VI-A program already talked about their experiences. Kat 09 and I talked about going to China this summer and working for Microsoft Research Asia. Kat talked a little about her project, a prototype for new tangible user devices. She couldnt say too much though, because of copyright issues. For my part, I was working in the Speech Group on Text-To-Speech. Basically, trying to make the computer talk to you believably. Your version of Windows almost certainly comes with a voice that can read text to you. But, you can almost certainly tell that its a computer reading to you, and not a human. Research is still going on in lots of places about how to make the computers sound more human, and MSRA is one of them. Microsoft Research gave its (hundreds of!) interns a great environment. The working hours were very much up to you, people were always giving open talks about their research, and sometimes wed go out for food, KTV, or games together. And of course, being in Beijing, there was plenty for Kat and I to explore in our free time. Other students talked about their experiences, and they all had glowing things to say about the program. For some students, the real work experience gave new meaning to the classes they were taking. For other, the long-term relationship with their bosses was the most important thing. Many students emphasized how they were able to do deeper projects than a typical internship because of the amount of time they planned to spend with the company. Several also mentioned having a beer with the CEO or CTO of their company as an example of the great company atmospheres they were part of. One piece of praise for the program stood out from the rest. It came from someone who had interned at Google this past summer. He said, You know how sometimes at MIT you feel really dumb, because everyones so smart? At Google, I felt retarded! My guess is that most people dont go into an internship hoping to feel stupid. What do you guys think? What do/would you look for in an internship? Your Project? The Work Environment? Lots and lots of Cash?

Why Christmas Is The Best Holiday, Free Essay Sample

Christmas Christmas is an annual celebration commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ. It is observed on December 25th as a religious and cultural festival all over the world to celebrate the birth of Jesus. Jesus is a spiritual figure whose teachings form the basis of the Christian religion. Even though the date and month of Jesus’ birth are unknown, by the early-to-mid fourth century, the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25th of the Gregorian calendar. This has come to be the accepted date for Christmas all over the world. It has been a federal holiday in the United States of America since 1870. Introduction â€Å"It’s the most wonderful time of the year† is not just a favorite line in a song. Christmas is the best holiday of the year-there is no doubt about that. Everyone spends all year getting excited and saving for Christmas. Some people may say that they hate it because it’s too commercial. Either way, we do love the festivities for a whole lot more other reasons. Christianity It’s a very special time for Christians all over the world. The birth of a Godly being born in flesh and blood and getting to eventually die for sinners in order to save them from spiritual retribution is not a simple matter to comprehend. This is an act of pure love as Jesus is believed to be the direct son of the supreme creator. Therefore, this is a time Christians get a chance to highly feel loved by their creator. They also get to celebrate the birth of the one who saved them from sin. Something they take very personally, since now they are assured of eternal life after death. They also get to publicly declare that Jesus was born and actually died to save them from sin-a key pillar in their religion to attaining salvation. Christians have never felt closer to God if it’s not Christmas. Weather Christmas is a time associated with winter in most of the snowing countries all over the world. This makes it unique since it comes packaged with a whole lot of fun activities associated with winter. From making the snowman to throwing snow balls to skiing, it’s hard to dispute this as the best time of year. It almost sounds magical since almost everyone gets a bite of the fun from students on holiday to workers on work break. Best of all they have a chance to celebrate it together as a family and as a nation. Stories Growing up, nothing could beat the Christmas stories. Stories of Santa and bunnies that could lay magical eggs were always a killer. In fact a lot people were so attached to Santa that they waited for him at the kitchen chimney every Christmas for years. Of course children could sleep midway the wait and wake up the next day safely tacked in bed with Christmas gift and letters from Santa already under the Christmas tree. Either way, this still forms a major part of the best childhood memories and helped in developing everyone’s life story. Christmas can be a very good time for growing children. They can also learn a lot since this is a time to cement strong Christian values of forgiveness and sharing. And who knows, maybe Krampus is real! Education Christmas does not bring joy to Christians only. Students all over the world can testify to this. Not only do they get to finish their yearly studies, they also get to be excited of being promoted to the next level of study the coming year. This fact even makes it more fun since they literally can’t be given homework-a practice hated by most of the students all over the world. For the bright students, this is a time they get a general view of their performance throughout the year. The bright and proud students benefit the most since this gives them a chance to cement the fact of how bright they are to relatives and foes alike. One thing all students agree on though is that this is a time they get to join their families and relatives for a good bonding. Family time is undisputable one of the best times of the year. Delicacies What’s Christmas without food? The stomach has always taken precedence in all major celebrations all around the world. In fact in India, there are holidays dedicated specifically for eating. Generally, this is a time of the year majority of the people got to eat delicacies never eaten before or rarely eaten in the family. A good example is turkey and sheep meat. It’s not a big surprise for most of the families across the world to bake a cake and bread at home. Some commodities are usually bought. This was actually the time overeating wasn’t restricted in the neighborhood. Maybe it’s because medics were always prepared for such cases at this time of the year. Meals could be shared across the neighborhood. In fact it was considered both rude and unethical to refuse food freely given to you by a neighbor. Even if your stomach was actually full! Business Opportunists cannot be left behind whenever the Christmas saga comes up. This is a time they consider as an opportunity window. With emergency of new products from designer clothes to Christmas trees, this is surely the time to make money for business minded forks. This was actually a time when most people have received their salaries and bonuses and those who have been saving for Christmas are now willing to spend. Businessmen and business women have never been happier. Those with wedding businesses are even overjoyed. It’s the couples’ favorite month for weddings. Maybe it’s because of the free time or maybe it’s because of the cold weather. Maybe it’s because it’s just Christmas. Conclusion In conclusion, it’s not a holiday if it’s not Christmas. Even religions that don’t believe in Christmas get to celebrate it indirectly since it’s the end of the year anyway. Christmas is almost considered the only holiday that gets each and every one actively involved. From parents, students to business people, all agree it’s an awesome time of the year. Even though some may not agree with this fact, one thing is for sure. Christmas has always been there, it’s here with us and it’s here to stay. Anyway, in every market there is always a mad person and the majority can’t be mad. Christmas is no longer a holiday, it’s a lifestyle. Better embrace it because it forms the base of the festive seasons. References Agay, D. (1972). The Joy of Christmas. Yorktown: Yorktown Music Press. Forbes, B. D. (2007). Christmas:A Candid History. California: University of California Press. Leonard, H. (2009). Ultimate Christmas. UK: Parragon Book Service Ltd.

Mississippi State University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Mississippi State University is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 57%. Established in 1880 and located in Starksville, Mississippi, Mississippi State is the largest university in Mississippi. High achieving students might want to consider the  Shackouls Honors College. The university gets high marks for the number of engineering degrees it awards, and for its low cost. In athletics, the Mississippi State Bulldogs compete in the NCAA Division I  Southeastern Conference (SEC). Considering applying to Mississippi State University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Mississippi State University had an acceptance rate of 57%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 57 students were admitted, making MSUs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 17,381 Percent Admitted 57% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 36% SAT Scores and Requirements Mississippi State requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 13% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 540 660 Math 530 670 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Mississippi States admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to MSU scored between 540 and 660, while 25% scored below 540 and 25% scored above 660. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 530 and 670, while 25% scored below 530 and 25% scored above 670. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1330 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Mississippi State. Requirements Mississippi State does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Mississippi State does not superscore SAT results, your highest composite score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Mississippi State requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 87% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 22 32 Math 20 27 Composite 22 29 This admissions data tells us that most of Mississippi States admitted students fall within the top 36% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Mississippi State received a composite ACT score between 22 and 29, while 25% scored above 29 and 25% scored below 22. Requirements Note that Mississippi State University does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Mississippi State does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Mississippi State Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.46, and over 55% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.50 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Mississippi State have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Mississippi State University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Mississippi State University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Mississippi State University, which admits just over half of applicants, has a competitive admissions process based primarily on grades and test scores. However, the Mississippi State admissions process is not entirely quantitative. The university is also looking for students who have completed a  challenging college preparatory curriculum. Mississippi State recalculates GPAs using their College Preparatory Curriculum which is comprised of four units of English, three units of math, science and social studies, two units of advanced electives (such as foreign language, advanced world geography, or advanced science or math classes), one unit of arts, and a half unit of technology. In-state students who meet the schools minimum SAT/ACT scores and GPA can receive automatic admission. Admission standards for out-of-state applicants are higher than for in-state applicants. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students who were admitted to Mississippi State. Most had SAT scores of 950 or higher (ERWM), ACT composite scores of 18 or higher, and high school averages of a B- or higher. If You Like Mississippi State University, You May Also Like These Schools Auburn UniversityFlorida State UniversityUniversity of AlabamaUniversity of MississippiTexas A M UniversityGeorgia State UniversityUniversity of ArkansasUniversity of Florida All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Mississippi State University Undergraduate Admissions Office. Mississippi State University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA Mississippi State University is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 57%. Established in 1880 and located in Starksville, Mississippi, Mississippi State is the largest university in Mississippi. High achieving students might want to consider the  Shackouls Honors College. The university gets high marks for the number of engineering degrees it awards, and for its low cost. In athletics, the Mississippi State Bulldogs compete in the NCAA Division I  Southeastern Conference (SEC). Considering applying to Mississippi State University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Mississippi State University had an acceptance rate of 57%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 57 students were admitted, making MSUs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 17,381 Percent Admitted 57% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 36% SAT Scores and Requirements Mississippi State requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 13% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 540 660 Math 530 670 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Mississippi States admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to MSU scored between 540 and 660, while 25% scored below 540 and 25% scored above 660. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 530 and 670, while 25% scored below 530 and 25% scored above 670. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1330 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Mississippi State. Requirements Mississippi State does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Mississippi State does not superscore SAT results, your highest composite score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Mississippi State requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 87% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 22 32 Math 20 27 Composite 22 29 This admissions data tells us that most of Mississippi States admitted students fall within the top 36% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Mississippi State received a composite ACT score between 22 and 29, while 25% scored above 29 and 25% scored below 22. Requirements Note that Mississippi State University does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Mississippi State does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Mississippi State Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.46, and over 55% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.50 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Mississippi State have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Mississippi State University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Mississippi State University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Mississippi State University, which admits just over half of applicants, has a competitive admissions process based primarily on grades and test scores. However, the Mississippi State admissions process is not entirely quantitative. The university is also looking for students who have completed a  challenging college preparatory curriculum. Mississippi State recalculates GPAs using their College Preparatory Curriculum which is comprised of four units of English, three units of math, science and social studies, two units of advanced electives (such as foreign language, advanced world geography, or advanced science or math classes), one unit of arts, and a half unit of technology. In-state students who meet the schools minimum SAT/ACT scores and GPA can receive automatic admission. Admission standards for out-of-state applicants are higher than for in-state applicants. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students who were admitted to Mississippi State. Most had SAT scores of 950 or higher (ERWM), ACT composite scores of 18 or higher, and high school averages of a B- or higher. If You Like Mississippi State University, You May Also Like These Schools Auburn UniversityFlorida State UniversityUniversity of AlabamaUniversity of MississippiTexas A M UniversityGeorgia State UniversityUniversity of ArkansasUniversity of Florida All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Mississippi State University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Effects Of Food Stamps On Obesity - 1549 Words

This academic conversation expands on the broader hunger-obesity paradox of the 21st century and also attempts to explain how it has become a prevalent issue. Although there are numerous factors that cause hunger, these articles focus on unforeseen factors that have been contributing to the rising obesity rates, in particular to the low-income populations in the United States. In other words, this conversation discusses the factors that do not initially appear to have an effect on obesity rates, such as racial inequality and federal food assistance programs, and argues that they do significantly contribute to the prevalent health issue. The articles analyzed for this paper are Baum (2011) â€Å"The effects of food stamps on obesity† from the Southern Economic Journal; Darmon and Drewnowski (2005) â€Å"The economics of obesity: dietary energy density and energy cost† from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; and Broady and Meeks (2015) â€Å"Obesity and social i nequality in America† from the Review of Black Political Economy. These authors all discuss the factors behind rising obesity rates, but do so from different perspectives. Although the topic of hunger requires authors to appeal to pathos, the authors addressing the hunger-obesity paradox approach similar conclusions by incorporating logos and ethos into their arguments to further allow readers to quantify the severity and dangers of the paradox in relation to the dangerously high and continually rising obesity rates. In hisShow MoreRelatedSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipants should be allowed to use their food stamps for. As of right now, food stamps can only be used to purchase food that can be cooked or eaten at home, preventing families from spending the federal aid at restaurants (USDA). Recently, the fast food corporation YUM!, which owns Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut, has lobbied to change this restriction (USA Today). Should people benefitting from the SNAP program have the right to spend their money on food that has been proven to lead to chronic medicalRead MoreThe Food Stamp Program And The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program1161 Words   |  5 PagesFormerly known as the Food Stamp Program (FSP), The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest federal nutrition-assistance program and exists to protect low-income Americans from hunger and its associated consequences by increasing access to food. Approximately 4 4 million people received SNAP benefits this year as of August of 2016.1 Due to the fact that low-income Americans tend to have problems with obesity and poor diet2,3, it would make sense that there would be interestRead MoreObesity : The Type Of Food You Eat Will Affect Your General Health? Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever known the saying The type of food you eat will affect your general health? well for some in the considerable United States of America. According to â€Å"The Campaign to end Obesity†, this is a developing reality as overweight people now outnumber normal measured Americans. According to ‘Medical-Dictionary.thefreedictionary.com,† Obesity itself is a condition in which describes a person, due to their excessive accumulation and storage of fat. This occurs when a person takes in more caloriesRead MorePoverty Of The United States1663 Words   |  7 Pagescomplications, especially not having access to healthy food. Gaining access to healthy food is unreachable to the poor community because they do not have the money to purchase it and among other limiting factors. Substituting healthy food with unhealthy food leads to a more bigger gap for the poor community to get out of. Individuals that are living in poverty should have access to cheap and affordable healthy food because of the damaging effect it will have on the body later on in life. MaintainingRead MoreFood Stamp2207 Words   |  9 PagesIs the Food Stamp Program a Substantial Contribution to Childhood Obesity? Is the Food Stamp Program a Substantial Contribution to Childhood Obesity? Introduction Is the rising rate of childhood obesity within the United States affected by the food stamp program? This is the question that formulated the basis of my research. 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Because of this concern the federal government configured a temporary solution for society, called Food Stamps or now knownRead MoreEssay On The Federal Food Stamp Program1008 Words   |  5 PagesProgram Reform DATE: October 6, 2017 The federal food stamp program (SNAP), makes up the largest portion of the budget for the US Department of Agriculture.1 In New York alone 15.3% of residents receive benefits from the SNAP program.2 The purpose of SNAP is to provide nutrition to low-income citizens, however SNAP beneficiaries experience higher rates of obesity compared non-reciepiants.3 According to a report published by the USDA, Americans use food stamps to buy more than $600 million worth of â€Å"sweetenedRead MoreObesity Rates Are Constantly Rising Essay2023 Words   |  9 Pages In the U.S., obesity rates are constantly rising. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, shows that, in the U.S., â€Å"more than 1 in 3 adults are considered to be obese, †¦ and more than 1 in 6 children and adolescents ages 6 to 19 are considered to be obese† (Overweight). In 2008, the Food Stamp Program, renamed the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), had the highest number of beneficiaries since its inception in 1968 (Cancio). â€Å"As of late 2009, about 40 millionRead MoreReflection Paper1578 Words   |  7 Pagesmy writing. I chose to write my narrative about living with anxiety. Throughout the whole paper I tried to put into words how I felt in certain situations by putting my thoughts in as they came up in the situation. This however, did not have the effect I wanted it to. My wordy paragraphs contained little to no description of different situations. This brought me back to square one. How do I show the reader what I am saying rather than just saying it? I tried adding more descriptive words and scenariosRead MoreFarm Bill Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesSNAP Back to the Basics The original intent of the food programs developed by USDA were to dispose of surplus farm production created by farm subsidy programs. (Edwards, 2016) Since original implementations of the food programs, farm groups and anti-poverty groups have rallied behind these subsidies, requesting more government support at the expense of the taxpayer for their organizations. These government handouts have created an entitled, â€Å"subsidy-dependent monster† that has hands reaching out

Anselm And Aquinas On How God Exists - 1277 Words

To begin with, while reading Anselm and Aquinas’ views on how God exists, these important philosophers spent much of their time looking and searching for the idea that God actually exists. Therefore, of course there would be some mishaps along the way and people would try to argue against their idea of God’s existence. In this paper will be explained the proof of God and of course some objections against them that will make you wonder. With Anselm s ontological argument and Aquinas’ ways, we can use that to help prove God’s existence. It would be self-contradictory to deny that anything greater than the all perfect God exists. In chapter two of Anselm, we read about how the fool who doesn’t believe in God, Anselm tells him that,†¦show more content†¦Anselm does a good job of showing how God exists in our understanding and therefore could exist in reality, however there can also be an objection to this. Exactly how Guanilo did to him, when he brought up the idea of the ‘Perfect Island’. He replies to Anselm, criticizing how if there was proof for the most greatest, conceivable island; which there isn’t, then Guanilo believes that there isn’t enough proof of the greatest conceivable being, which is God. â€Å"If one were to try to prove to me that this island in truth exists and it’s existence should no longer be questioned, either I would think he was joking or I would not know whether to consider him or me the greater fool, me for conceding his argument or him for supposing he had established with any certainty such an island’s existence without first showing such excellence to be real and its existence indubitable rather than just a figment of my understanding, whose excellence is uncertain† (pg. 311, Guanilo [6]). Therefore, Guanilo says that even though there is a concept of a perfect island that does not prove the actual existence of it. Hereby saying that Anselm doesn’t have the proof to conclude God’s existence is real. But, this goes back to saying that this does not actually defeat the thesis; because even if you can think of something greater than God, then surely a greater being must exist still claiming that God’s existence is true.

Cell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives - 995 Words

Have you ever been in a silent room with no conversations and all you can hear are vibrating phones? For example, at Thanksgiving or Christmas, do you have a person in the family that always happens to be on their phone and barely talks to the rest of the family? In today’s society, people tend to text each other rather than have face-to-face conversation. However, thirty years ago if you were compelled to give a message or talk to someone, you would call or go visit them. Everyone needs to realize their worth in the world and technology isn’t helping them. So many of us are missing out on numerous different opportunities due to the lack of personal conversations. Significantly, there is more to life than our cell phones. Today, a simple text seems to do the trick, however, has this gratified our communication skills and how would we react without being able to use our cell phones? It is obvious that people need to restrict their phone dependency by holding themselves accountable for the excessive usage. There are a lot of reasons why people prefer to text instead of talking face-to-face or even verbally over the phone. Certain people are shy and tend to prefer texting for the reason that they aren’t comfortable with conversing in conversation with people who are not within their close group of friends or family (Nancy O’Neil). Specific situations that are acceptable to text a person instead of talking is: maybe they won’t pick up your calls, it is easier to multitask,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Cell Phones On Our Lives1053 Words   |  5 Pagesyears that improve our everyday lives. The wide use of cell phones has caused a remarkable impact on physical, and social aspects of our life. Cell phones impacts have contributed positively to our lives, but still others have influenced negatively on our life. With technology, the way we communicate has changed over the past year with our smart phones we can surf the internet, check our social media accounts, use GPS, and text and call our families and friends. The cell phones have made a significantRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives938 Words   |  4 Pagesout lives. We use our cell phones for everything from finding directions, to taking pictures of moments you do not want to forget. Everywhere you go, you cell phone goes with you, if you forget it at home, somehow we feel naked without it. Cell phones have become so powerful and useful for so many things other than just making phone calls; I do not even know why we still call them phones. With that, we have the right to feel secure and free from unwarranted searches though our cell phones andRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives1366 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and increasing use of cell phones, a lot of studies are taking place. Even though cell phon es today have been helpful with communicating with people far away, these cellular devices still are dangerous in many extravagant ways. Dangerous can mean many things when it comes to cell phones. Billions of people throughout the world are implementing cell phone use in their daily routines. Cell phones are becoming a prone addiction which causes us to not be so aware of our surroundings when using itRead MoreCell Phones Effect Our Lives977 Words   |  4 PagesHow Cell Phones Effect our Everyday Lives Once upon a time, cell phones did not exist. If you wanted to make a call you had to use a home phone or a pay phone, but cell phones are now common place in our everyday lives. Almost everyone has one, even children in elementary school have cell phones. So how does having such easy access to a cell phone effect our everyday lives? The positive effects of cell phones are easy to see, as cell phones can be convenient and used as a life line in an emergencyRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Our Lives1612 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the time when the mid 1980s, phones have been rapidly moving their route into our commonplace lives, particularly with the presentation of cam telephones in the early part of the new thousand years. As cells develop they have more of an effect on our commonplace lives and I need to exactly how much they are affecting. Similarly as with new engineering in whatever other structure, phones have changed enormously over their generally short life com passes. As these progressions happen, soRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives862 Words   |  4 Pageshouse without theirs. The answer to this riddle? Cell phones. Children and adults alike are partaking in the growing addiction to their mobile devices. Can we blame them though? The sheer amount of uses, features, along with other various gizmos that come along with a cell phone are enough to make not having one a handicap on most people. Schools, websites, work places, all are integrating cell phone use into their everyday tasks. Downsides to cell phones do exist, but the benefits of having one farRead MoreThe Effects Of Cell Phones On Our Lives2011 Words   |  9 PagesDue to increasing technological innovations, many people are gradually trapping themselves in the web of cell phones. Even with primary laws in effect, drivers are tempted to text and drive on the road, and it has only brought grave consequences. According to the United States Department of Transportat ion, â€Å"It is estimated that drivers who text while on the road contribute to at least 100,000 collisions each year (qt. in Northwest drivers Admit). 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Simply spend a couple bucks and you are pleased proprietor of a cell telephone. In today s opportunity, it s elusive a man who does not possess a cellular telephone. The little contraption is an essential need of life. In any case, whyRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Our Lives894 Words   |  4 Pages The first cell phone that was build in a car the reason why it was because it was too big to carry around in your pockets. Buying a phone in 1980 were very expensive, not everyone can afford a phone for themselves. Cell phones back in the day would cost just about over a couple thousand of dollars. The mobile devices that were made in that time was only for phone calls without any caller ID s to tell who s calling you. .Cell phones have been producing a lot better over these few years. Back

Ray Percival Free Essays

I think that Ray Percival’s article, â€Å"Malthus and His Ghost: When He Formulated His Theory, Malthus Ignored the Ingenuity of Man† (August. 18), in which he attempts to silence the Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus and his pro-population-control fanatics, the neo-Malthusians is a work of art. Paul Ehrlich and the other nay-sayers portray man as a gluttonous consumer. We will write a custom essay sample on Ray Percival or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet, by default, every healthy human being is born with two hands every stomach comes with two hands attached. As Ray Percival asserts, by producing more than he consumes man has worked his way up from the near-universal poverty that was his fate two centuries ago. In my opinion, only one argument in Percival’s article needs to be revised. In his dismissal of Ehrlich’s simple-minded declaration that â€Å"more people = more famine,† he suggests that there have been â€Å"at most 15 million famine deaths† in this century. In fact, there has been nearly twice that in China alone. Most of which occurred from 1959 to 1962, following the Great Leap Forward, a campaign undertaken by the Chinese communists between 1958 and early 1960 to organize its vast population, especially in large-scale rural communes, to address China’s industrial and agricultural problems. It was the scheming of men, not the impulses of nature that led to mass starvation after the Great Leap Forward. This, of course, is a familiar story, told in the Ukrainian famine, the Cambodian famine. We live in an age in which governments, more specifically one-party Communalist rà ©gimes, deliberately cause famines. Percival’s optimism about the ability of free human populations to feed them could not be more accurate: it takes significant malicious geniuses to create economic systems and policies which render people incapable of providing for their basic needs. The population-control advocates have come to treat their body of belief more like a religious system than a scientific theory. It is impossible to convince anyone operating within neo-Malthusian constraints of its falsity by rational or pragmatic argument otherwise. They are intensely hardened in their narrow-mindedness by the abundance of funds to which they have access, since they have managed to convince many governments and foundations that they hold the key to mankind’s success as a species: reducing the numbers of living, breathing and loving human beings. How to cite Ray Percival, Papers

Navigating Globalization Immigration Policy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Navigating Globalization and Immigration Policy. Answer: Introduction With globalization, organizations have expanded in different parts of the world. The large companies in the world like Google, Microsoft, Amazon have their presence in almost every country. The expansion of organizations in global world has increased corporate responsibility for organizations. There is an interesting debate around the corporate strategy and responsibility of organizations in global world and international market. This is definitely an interesting debate! Campbell Tham (2014) argued that it is a combination of both reason being; with globalization, not only does one benefit economically, financially, technologically but also through spread of knowledge. The west has been fortunate enough to ripe from such benefits hence their development level. To get to where they are, they have had to constantly adjust and move with the changing times. Competition is one of the biggest driving factors of businesses; employment rules have been adjusted to fit the era- people are no longer hired only based on skills but also competencies that are useful in achieving the organizations success; the workforce is more culturally diverse than ever before; international cooperation is the current hit witnessed through economic blocks, union, etc. Amidst these tough challenges, organizations have to make their way forward. The expansion of organizations has also changed the visa market (Capling Nossal, 2001). With organizations, there has been an increase in the movement of people across borders. One of the most widely used Visa to work in Australia is Visa 457. This visa is being used to fulfill the shortage of the skilled labor in the country. The objective of this paper is to discuss the arrival of Amazon in Australia and to discuss the impact of 457 visa. The paper is divided into parts. The first part discusses the entry of Amazon in Australia and the second party discusses the impact of 457 visa. Arrival of Amazon in Australia Amazon is a multinational organization that was founded in the year 1994 by Jeff Bezos. Today, it is the largest Internet-based retailer in the world by total sales and market capitalization. The company has the revenue of more than $135 billion and it has an employee strength of 3,41,000. Amazon considers Australia as one of the key markets as Australia contributes a lot towards organizational development. Today in the globalized world, conscious capitalism is the conscious of doing business the right way and being authentic; however, the difficult part for organizations is understanding in what ways they are able to be authentic when running a business (Hampson, 2014). Today, Amazon is a known brand in the country and the business has been proven beneficial for different stakeholders. The key benefits of Amazon entry in Australian market can be discussed as: The most important benefit with the arrival of Amazon is the increase in the options of choices for end-consumers. Among all the stakeholders, end-consumers are the one which has been benefited a lot. Today, consumers in Sydney can get the products with their finger tip. This has been possible only with the expansion of Amazon in Australia market. The entry of Amazon in Australian market has also increased the competitiveness in the market. Today, the existing players in the market find it difficult to maintain any monopoly in the market. This has been possible only because of increased competition (Velayutham, 2013). With Amazon, the existing players also have to give the discount and this has ultimately helped end-consumers a lot. From the perspective of government, the benefit with the entry of Amazon is the creation of more job opportunities. The entry of Amazon and other multinational organizations has created tremendous job opportunities in the local Australian market. Amazon i s an American multinational but it can bring all the employees from USA to operate in Australia. The benefit for society is the available of products without any problems. Today, the consumers in Sydney can get the products from the Indian sellers that are listed on Amazon. With the forces of globalization and the entry of Amazon in Australian market, the world has really become a small place. Today, consumes have access to the product and services from different nations at their door steps. Amazon is an e-commerce company that has the listing of all retail items. The retail industry in Australian has grown significantly with the entry of Amazon (Mares, 2012). The impact of arrival of Amazon on retail, wholesale and throughout the way business is done can be discussed as: Impact on retail, whole sale and through the way business is done Australia is one of the most favorable countries in terms of trade. Whether the domestic trade or the international trade, Australia is one of the most favorable countries for trading. The country has a very open market with less restriction than any other developed country. Domestic investors as well as the foreign investors are more than happy with the legal as well as the political environment of Australia. There are numerous commodities and services that Australia trade. With the entry of Amazon in Australia, the retail sector has got the required push. There is an increase in the growth of whole sale market also. It would be correct to say that the entire business in the country has become competitive with the entry of Amazon in the Australian market. Possibly, one of the biggest advantages of Amazon is the positive sentiments among people. Today, Australian citizens have abundant resources at their disposal (Robertson, 2014). The peoples mindset on Amazon coming to Australia ca n be discussed as: Australia is a country that is willing and actively trading with the entire world. In fact, within the last 20 years, Australias government has been establishing a strong network with many nations, which share commonalities in history, political point of views, culture through a country-to-country trade as well as international investment. Australia plays a vigorous role in not only regional but also worldwide organizations. One of many examples is, together with 50 other countries, Australia was a founder of the United Nations, which is an international organization that encourage global collaboration (Boese Campbell, 2013). With the entry of Amazon in Australia, the people mindset has been really positive. The people in the country has welcomes the move as now they have more options. The Australian citizens are happy as the entry of Amazon has increased the competition in the market and today people can easily switch the retailers. The entry of Amazon and the expansion of e-commer ce has also reduced the entry barriers and the switching barriers. The only stakeholders that may not like or welcome the entry of Amazon in Australian market would be the existing retailers in the country like Coles and Myer (Wellings, 2014). The relevance of Amazon in Australia for large retailers like Coles and Myer can be discussed as: Relevance of Amazons entry for large retailers like Coles and Myer The large retailers of the country like Cole and Myer may not welcome the step of Amazon entry in the country as it has weakened their strategic position in the market. With the entry of Amazon, people have realized the importance and benefits of electronic channel and e-commerce. Recently, Coles and Myer have also launched their e-commerce arms. However, in Australian context, it is very difficult for the local players to reach the scale of Amazon. Moreover, Amazon is a giant in e-commerce industry (Walsh, 2008). The company has the ability to sustain the losses and keep attracting the consumers mind of share and mind of wallet. This strategy is actually not feasible for Coles and Myer in long term. It is critical that the existing retailers in the country like Coles and Myer must use the strategic management approaches like horizontal integration or vertical integration to give tough competition to Amazon. The 457 visa provides two main alternatives: business sponsorship and self-sponsorship. The full title of this subclass of visa was Temporary Business (Long Stay) and was introduced soon after John Howard became Prime Minister in 1996. There was a change in the title of the visa to Temporary Work (Skilled) (Subclass 457) visa on 24 November 2012. The people who hold the 457 Visa can work in Australia for a period of 4 years. The Visa holders can also bring their partner and family along for that period. There are chances that this Visa might get abolished by the government. The government is in a fix for this Visa. At one side, government wants to fix the issue of lack of skilled labor in the country. On other side, the government wants that the jobs should be first distributed to Australian citizens and the entry of outside people should not have any impact on local citizens (Wesley, 2000). This Visa is actually an answer to handle the shortage of skills in certain industry. It can be discussed in more detail as: Australia is the fundamental post-industrialized economy that avoided the world money related downturn that happened. Nevertheless, Australia's associates have persevered through money related retreats, which has moreover impacted Australia's passage economy. The government of Australia has always focused to protect its domestic industries. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2016) highlighted that for the period 2015-2016, Australia heavily imported some major products including passenger motor vehicles, refined petroleum, telecom equipment and parts, computers and medicaments. On the other hand, the country was also a great exporter, which delivers several major types of goods to the rest of the world. Such products include mining and resources: irons ores, gold, coals, natural gas and beef. With the 457 Visa in place the government wants to ensure that the domestic industries which are export oriented should continue to grow. There are lot of strategic issues associated with 457 Visa (Birrell Healy, 2016). These strategic issues and the perception that it gives to the external world can be discussed as: Strategic issues One of the key strategic issue with this visa is that it is granted only for 4 years. There was a time when it was very easy to get the Visa. However, the regulations have tightened in recent times. However, government wants that the perception should be positive at least among the top trade partners of the country. The G20 countries are the top priority for Australias trade policy. Besides G20, commonwealth nations are also among the key trading partners of Australia. Other countries such as US, Britain, Mexico, Turkey and Korea are also very significant trade partners of Australia (Birrell Healy, 2016). It is also important to understand the issues and the viewpoint of Australian government. The broader view of Australian government on policy implementation can be discussed as: According to the survey, the Australia is the 4th largest economy in the Asian region as well as 12th largest economy in the world. Australian government monitors its trade according to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. There are Regional, Bilateral and Multinational kind of trade. As discussed above, the government is in a fix for this Visa. At one side, government wants to fix the issue of lack of skilled labor in the country. On other side, the government wants that the jobs should be first distributed to Australian citizens and the entry of outside people should not have any impact on local citizens (Birrell Healy, 2016). The arrival of imported goods has brought many benefits for Australian consumers and businesses. Imported products coming into Australia with the free flow of goods and with tax benefits, result in a cheaper product, even if taxed, this amount is not so great. The government wants that it should continue. However, the jobs of local people should not be compromised. It is also important to understand the impact of 457 Visa on management consultancy business in Australia. This impact cane be discussed in detail as: It can be said that the restriction of 457 Visa would not have positive impact on management consultancy business in Australia. The management consultancy business in Australia is always dependent on skilled resources that it gets from domestic and international market (Wright, 2014). The restriction of 457 Visa is not a welcomed step by management consultancy business. Conclusion The above paper discusses the impact of arrival of Amazon in Australian market and impact of 457 visa. By viewing the given information, it is a lot easier to analyze the trend of trade in the global market. Although Australia is one of the most globalize country in the world, the country is taking very aggressive steps towards globalization. The relations between Australia and other countries have become healthier in recent years. There are minimum restrictions to the trade in Australia when we talk about international trade (Hawthorne, 2012). This has changed the idea of foreign investment in the country and boosted trade with foreign countries. The production is witnessing boom with the gates of foreign investment opened. The government is providing favorable conditions to the investors. The trade of Australia contributed almost two-thirds of Australias economic growth. In coming year, it is expected to grow even further. It can be concluded that management consultancy business wo uld not be very happy with the restrictions imposed on 457 Visa. However, it is important that the local players in the country should find a way forward to address the skill shortage problem in the country. At the same time, government should also think from a long-term perspective. A sustainable solution could be achieved with an integrated approach among all the stakeholders like government, management consultancy businesses, organizations, employers, employees, citizens and society at large. References Birrell, B. and Healy, E., 2016. Globalization, Immigration Policy, and Youth Employment in Australia. InCreating Social Cohesion in an Interdependent World(pp. 263-280). Palgrave Macmillan US. Boese, M., Campbell, I., Roberts, W. and Tham, J.C., 2013. Temporary migrant nurses in Australia: Sites and sources of precariousness.The Economic and Labour Relations Review,24(3), pp.316-339. Campbell, I. and Tham, J.C., 2014. Labour market deregulation and temporary migrant labour schemes: An analysis of the 457 visa program. Capling, A. and Nossal, K.R., 2001. Death of distance or tyranny of distance? The Internet, deterritorialization, and the anti-globalization movement in Australia.The Pacific Review,14(3), pp.443-465. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2016). Australia and the world. Retrieved from https://dfat.gov.au/trade/resources/Documents/aust.pdf Hampson, I., 2014. Between control and consensus: globalization and Australia's enigmatic corporatism.The Global Economy, National States and the Regulation of Labour, p.138. Hawthorne, L., 2012. International medical migration: what is the future for Australia.MJA Open,1(Suppl 3), pp.18-21. Mares, P., 2012. Temporary migration and its implications for Australia.Papers on Parliament, (57). Robertson, S., 2014. Time and temporary migration: The case of temporary graduate workers and working holiday makers in Australia.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,40(12), pp.1915-1933. Velayutham, S., 2013. Precarious experiences of Indians in Australia on 457 temporary work visas.The Economic and Labour Relations Review,24(3), pp.340-361. Walsh, J., 2008, December. Navigating Globalization: Immigration Policy in Canada and Australia, 194520071. InSociological Forum(Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 786-813). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Wellings, B., 2014. Lest you forget: Memory and Australian nationalism in a global era.Nation, memory and great war commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia and New Zealand, pp.45-59. Wesley, M., 2000. Nationalism and globalization in Australia.Nationalism and globalization: East and West, p.175. Wright, C.F., 2014. How do states implement liberal immigration policies? Control signals and skilled immigration reform in Australia.Governance,27(3), pp.397-421.

Baseball Vs. Football Essay Example For Students

Baseball Vs. Football Essay Baseball vs. Football: Which Is The True American Pastime?In today’s world of big time professional sports there are the two major players and they are football represented by the National Football League (NFL) and baseball represented by Major League Baseball (MLB). Now there are other sports that the American public enjoys watching, however the argument generally boils down to which sport is the true favorite of the American people: baseball or football. In this paper I will attempt to examine both sports from several different angles to include attendance, television revenue, ticket costs, venues, salaries, entertainment value, and athlete perception. The goal of this exercise will be to determine, once and for all, which sport is the American favorite and can truly be called the â€Å"American Pastime†. One of the single greatest measurable facets of professional sports is attendance. A sport’s popularity is in direct correlation to the number of people that will show up to watch that sport. Overall 2000 regular season attendance in Major League Baseball was a record 72,782,013 in 2,416 games for an average per game crowd of 30,125 whereas official overall paid attendance in the National Football League for the 2000 season was 16,387,289 in 248 games for an average per game crowd of 66,077. The average per game crowd is the measurable statistic due to the fact that the number of games in a regular season for baseball and football are very different. A NFL team plays a regular season schedule of 16 game however a MLB team plays a regular season schedule of 162 games so average attendance per game presents an accurate picture of popularity. Therefore, football appears to be more than twice as popular as baseball when measured by attendance. Ever since the introduction of television into American pop culture professional sports organization have looked to maximize this medium. Television revenue is now big business in sports today with television networks paying large amounts of money to secure the right to broadcast sporting events. The Super Bowl (which is the championship game in the NFL) is consistently the highest rated broadcast every year, which allows the lucky network to charge ungodly amounts of money in advertising. The NFL and MLB both enjoy large television contracts although their revenue sharing plans are quite different. The NFL currently receives 2.2 billion dollars a year in television revenue, which amounts to 73 million per year per team. MLB currently receives 340 million dollars per year in television revenue, which is divided up among the teams in a formula so complicated that you need understand quantum-physics and theoretical mathematics just to gain a rudimentary understanding of the distributio n structure. These numbers are interesting in that there are less football teams to televise which means that the NFL must garner obscene ratings to demand that much money. Baseball games are on almost every night on a variety of different channels and ratings can be considered dismal when placed in comparison to the NFL. I believe the main reason for the ratings difference is season length. The NFL season is so short and every game means so much that the drama level is much higher when compared to the daily rhythm of 162 baseball games where losing one or two games a week is not considered disastrous. If a NFL team were to lose 5 games in a row chances are they would not make the playoffs however if a MLB team loses 5 games in a row they may still win it all. How much does it cost to see a professional football or baseball game? Ticket prices vary but the average ticket price in 200 for a NFL contest was $54.14 with the highest average ticket price being $74.28 to see the Washington Redskins (Washington, D.C.) and the lowest average ticket price being $33.99 to see the St. Louis Rams (St. Louis, MO). The average ticket price in 200 for a MLB contest $20.02 with the highest average ticket price being $28.33 to see the Boston Red Sox (Boston, MA) and the lowest average ticket price being $11.72 to see the Milwaukee Brewers (Milwaukee, WI). Once again the season length and game importance being the most important factors in determining ticket price. It is not realistic to expect a MLB team to ask for $75 a game over a 162 game season however the NFL can because of the short season length. These figures only take into account the admission price and not the added costs of snacks or refreshments, which can be astronomical. However, these figur es suggest that the best value for today’s American family would be to attend a baseball game. Biotechnology in food EssayAthlete perception in both sports plays a large part in attendance, television revenue, ticket costs, and several other areas within the NFL and MLB. Currently the players in the NFL are regarded as the most dangerous and out of control athletes. The recent dramas involving O.J. Simpson, Ray Carruth, and Ray Lewis have given the NFL a serious black mark among the fans. While baseball players are generally seen as a greedy bunch the football player is now seen as a criminal with little or no regard for the law. Domestic violence has now unfortunately become part of the NFL and MLB mainstream with several incidents documented in both leagues each year, yet the fans do not even seem to care about these incidents but rather focus on the more theatric, more serious, and more rare serious crimes. There are hundreds upon hundreds of domestic violence cases each year but only one stabbing outside an Atlanta nightclub involving Ray Lewis. Guess which one the publi c remembers? The NFL and MLB have taken several steps to improve their images with advertising, meet the player campaigns, and community service and only time will tell if these attempts work but I believe for all the good that these players do and for all the positive publicity that these players may gather it will only take one player to ruin it all for that is the true nature of being a celebrity. Based upon the above information I believe that MLB players are currently seen in a better light than NFL players and as more favorable role models although they may be perceived as greedy. Entertainment value is hard to measure since there is no way to know for sure what people like to see. Obviously fans of one sport will claim their sport offers the best product. Both the NFL and MLB put a solid product on the field that is well attended, relatively affordable, and fun to watch. Therefore, it is my opinion that both sports offer equal entertainment value and neither should be condemn ed on this factor. Both sports are so different that comparing their entertainment value would be unfair. As a spectator of both sports I am happy to report that I feel that both sports did an equal job in fulfilling my entertainment needs. I have examined both baseball and football from several different viewpoints and it my belief that football is truly the American pastime. Football enjoys larger average attendance, reasonable tickets costs given the season length, reasonable player salaries when compared to baseball, better overall venues, and football provides a thrilling and exciting product to watch. Football destroys baseball in television ratings and television revenue by demanding and getting television contracts that baseball can only dream about. And what is a better benchmark for popularity then television ratings? Plus football’s championship game, the Super Bowl, is part of pop culture in that practically everyone throws or attends a Super Bowl party each year. The Super Bowl is the highest rated broadcast on network television each year and serves as a gathering event for friends and families. Some companies even give their employees the next day off, which means that the Super Bowl is practically on par with a national holiday. None of these things happen for baseball. While it is true that football does get a black mark in athlete perception I believe that it more than makes up for that in the other areas and while baseball is a relatively inexpensive medium for family gatherings the baseball games just don’t carry as much importance as football. Therefore, I believe my arguments support my conclusion that football is the true American pastime and on a separate not I cannot wait for September and the first kickoff of a new season!Sports and Games

Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology Essay Example

Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology Essay Information and Communication Technology Research Paper 1. Importance of ICT in Developing Economies The spread of ICT technologies over the world has been dramatic in the past years, spearheading development all over the world. Increasing the pace of globalization, this trend opened new opportunities not only for developed nations but also for improving ones as the costs of ICT technologies decrease. Mansell Wehn (1998) note that â€Å"the increasing spread of ICTs opens up new opportunities for developing countries to harness these technologies and services to serve their development goals.† India is the most frequently cited case of explosive growth in ICT sector. However, other developing nations have also developed sizeable industries that contribute to their development, and Bangladesh is one of the successful examples. ICT sector is predicted to be at the forefront of development in South Asia that will promote its rise up to 2036 (Espiritu, 2006). The development of this sector is expected to support growth, replacing the production of raw materials with high technologies that allow rapid progress and advancement to the role of one of the world’s leading areas. In Bangladesh, building a dominant ICT sector recently became a priority in the government policies as this area was defined as â€Å"Thrust Sector† exhibiting â€Å"desire to turn Bangladesh into an ICT driven country† (INS, Asian Tribune, 2006). Possessing many advantages that can drive the development of the sector, the nation can reap benefits of advancement in a relatively short term. 2. History of ICT Sector in Bangladesh We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The beginning of the national industry can be defined in 1964 when the Bangladesh Atomic Commission was the first establishment to use computers. In later decades, mainframe computers spread to the financial sector to facilitate processing of data. In the 1980s, the printing and publishing industry began to use information technology. It was not until the 1990s that reduced price on personal computers made the use of ICT more accessible to the wide public. Given Bangladesh’s low-income level, it required several more years until the government’s decision to remove taxes on hardware and accessories and a general decline in global PC prices triggered an explosion in their proliferation. In consequence, the growth rate of computer usage averaged 40% in the past years (CentOS, n.d.). Computer technology received additional impetus from â€Å"the introduction of the direct Internet connection using VSAT in June 1996† (CentOS, n.d.). Initially, this connection was monopolized by the BTTB, a fact that allowed the agency to maintain high prices that effectively blocked access for the majority of the population. This monopoly was abolished in 2000 when Internet access soon became more affordable, reaching vast masses of people around the country (Razib, 1996). 3. Current Status of the Industry The size of ICT industry including software and IT-dependent services is estimated by the Bangladesh Association of Software Information Services (BASIS) to exceed Tk. 300 crore/year (BASIS, n.d.). The inclusion of other branches such as hardware production, Internet, and network services would bring this number to Tk. 1,000 crore/year (BASIS, n.d.). Explosive expansion demonstrated by the sector in the past six years is illustrated by the number of newly formed companies and increase in the number of IT professionals. According to CentOS, the number of hardware companies grew from 1,200 to 2,500 in the period 2000-2006, the number of software companies increased from 100 to 350, and ISP businesses from 30 to 150. Accompanying these numbers is the growth in the number of ICT professionals that reached 25,200 in 2006, up from 11,400 in 2000 (CentOS, n.d.). Growth is explained by a combination of factors that make Bangladesh well positioned for constructing a fully-fledged information technology sector. The nation’s advantages are â€Å"the unleashed English speaking youth force, skilled professionals working abroad, universities and other educational institutions turning out huge numbers of ICT graduates, a substantial number of ICT graduates studying abroad, and skilled workforce available at most competitive wages† (CentOS, n.d.). Although the BASIS notes some constraints in the current supply of IT graduates for the local industry, the association also notes that the remarkable increase in enrollment in IT-oriented university programs promises great improvements in the availability of qualified workforce. The relatively small number of software companies shows that this branch of the market has not yet fully exploited its potential, being a â€Å"late entrant to the ICT sector† (CentOS, n.d.). The demand for software development comes predominantly from the corporate market, and therefore, the most developed output is database related. The BASIS (n.d.) reports that software is at the moment propelled by the need to automate office processes including â€Å"Accounting/Finance, HR, Inventory, Billing†. At the same time, other sectors including Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and SCM (Supply Chain Management) are also developing at a quick pace. Speaking of the segments that represent the greatest users of software services, the most extensive demand comes from pharmaceutical and textile industries that account for a significant portion of the GDP and bulk of employment in Bangladesh. At the moment, more and more companies choose to specialize in the banking sector, competing in this area with inexpensive Indian software market. Businesses like Flora Limited, Beximco Computers, Techno Heaven have become the leaders in this area (Razib, 1996). The achievements of Bangladeshi software developers are represented in the annual Soft Expo exhibition. The hardware market is mostly represented by vendors importing PCs and accessories from Singapore for distribution in the local market. The annual market of over 100,000 units is largely represented by clone computers that dominate over brand computers because of their lower prices. Apple is not well represented in the Bangladeshi market because of its high pricing, and Intel dominates the processor market (Razib, 1996). Bangladesh can become an important destination for outsourcing, with its Dhaka City turning into another Bangalore. At this point, Bangladeshi software companies have signed contracts with Danish corporations for the provision of software development services. At the moment, the export of software from Bangladesh totaled $7.2 million and showed annual growth of 70% in 2003-04 and 2004-05 (BASIS, n.d.). 4. The Government’s Role in the Development of ICT Sector The administration of Bangladesh has committed itself to pursuing a focused policy that will make the nation’s ICT sector competitive with most of the world’s developments in this industry. Until 1996, however, the government paid little attention to the burgeoning industry. The situation changed when â€Å"the caretaker government of Justice Habibur Rahman opened Internet Technology for Bangladesh in June 1996† (Razib, 1996). In 1998, their successors, the government headed by Sheikh Hasina eliminated taxation on computer accessories. The efforts of the current government led by Begum Khaleda Zia resulted in increasing rate of Internet connections and spread of broadband access (Razib, 1996). On May 22, 2006, Begum Khaleda Zia, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, â€Å"inaugurated the long-awaited fibre optic submarine cable system at the landing station at Cox’s Bazar and thus connected Bangladesh to the global information superhighway†, another lan dmark event that will bring the nation closer to the global communication networks (INS, Asian Tribune, 2006). The tax-free status of ICT companies was preserved despite the nation’s general poverty and reliance on the budget. Serious attention to the development of the promising sector of the economy is displayed in the National ICT policy adopted in 2002 with the purpose of forming a knowledge-based society. This policy presented by the Ministry of Science and Information Communication Technology (2002) â€Å"aims at building an ICT-driven nation comprising of knowledge-based society by the year 2006†. In addition to the creation of skilled human resources through the increased introduction of ICT technologies at educational establishments, the program targets development of software, hardware, and services sectors within ICT industry. The creation of a government-sponsored ICT Incubator and encouragement of Non-Resident Bangladeshis to set up companies in the nation are ways to promote industry growth. The government also established an ICT Task Force headed by Prime Ministe r Begum Khaleda Zia to elaborate further details of the sector’s development. The government contributes to the development of ICT industry by initiating a series of projects related to e-Government, the aim to introduce ICT into government proceedings to increase their intensity. These projects initiated by the to ICT Task Force (SICT) account for a budget more than Tk. 60 crore. To this date, â€Å"SICT has so far floated 17 e-Governance projects out of which eight projects have been already awarded to a same number of companies† (Razib, 1996). However, growth and development of the industry remain largely driven by efforts of the private entrepreneurs and their corporate clients (Hasan, 2003, p. 111). 5. Prospects and Challenges of ICT industry Extensive government support for the industry demonstrates the recognition that the sector holds great promise for the economy that currently ranks among the least developed countries of the world. At present, Bangladesh’s â€Å"two main exports are jute and tea; both faced a price-inelastic world market demand† (Cypher, Dietz, 2004, p. 198). Unable to attract significant FDI flows and to lack population’s capacity to save given the poverty level, Bangladesh is left with its resources to overcome dependence on agricultural exports. In this light, the development of science and technology represented by the ICT sector appears most promising (Wignaraja, 2002, p.95). There are still serious obstacles to the development of the sector in Bangladesh. First, many residents cannot properly take advantage of its progress since â€Å"computers cost as much as half a year’s salary, and a modem costs more than a cow† (Mansell Wehn, 1998, p.250). However, electronic communication spreads slowly but continuously, often aided by the efforts of NGOs like Drik, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, an organization engaged in the provision of unofficial e-mail services, connecting wide layers of the population to the Internet. In general, â€Å"lack of IT awareness in the public sector and lack of capital investment are the two major hurdles†, combined with lack of confidence in the sector’s prospects on the part of foreign investors, including non-resident Bangladeshis (BASIS, 2004). Lack of adequate infrastructure also remains a serious obstacle. The development of Internet access is mostly blocked by the low teledensity in the nation. In 1999, Bangladesh compared unfavorably against most nations in Asia Pacific, with its teledensity rate of just 0.5% against the regional average of 8.5% (Sobhan, Khaleque, Rahman, S., 2002, p. 9). The Public Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTN), the backbone for Internet connections, is available in a limited area encompassing Dhaka and major cities. The penetration in rural areas is only marginal. Internet access is characterized by low bandwidth capacity ranging between 100 and 150 Mbps, and connection speed averaging 64 kbps-2 Mbps (Sobhan, Khaleque, Rahman, S., 2002, p. 9). These technical limitations restrict the development of Internet networks, in addition to the high cost of hardware compared to local incomes and poor acquaintance with Internet usage. The development of the ICT sector in Bangladesh holds promise for many key areas that can propel the nation’s development including higher education. Recently, Bangladesh saw a surge in the number of distance education programs that permit democratization of education. The leader in this area, Bangladesh Open University (BOU) now relies on a combination of â€Å"print, correspondence tuition, audio-visual materials, broadcasting, and face-to-face tuition† (Harry, 1999, p. 173-174). Information technology can be another option helping the university and similar establishments deliver educational materials to prospective students and in this way broadening its reach. Conclusion The ICT sector in Bangladesh is crucial to the development of this developing nation and has the potential to dramatically affect living standards and the nation’s position in the global economy. Increased affordability of computer and communication technologies help reach vast masses of population, and the presence of a qualified workforce with competitive wages is an essential prerequisite for the successful development of the sector. With extensive government support and proclaimed orientation toward e-Government, the situation in the ICT industry is being taken seriously by politicians. Bangladesh can aspire to create its hardware industry as well as establish a high position in the software market. At the same time, there is still a lot to be done to overcome obstacles posed by poverty, lack of required investment, and inadequate infrastructure.