Ray Percival Free Essays

I think that Ray Percival’s article, â€Å"Malthus and His Ghost: When He Formulated His Theory, Malthus Ignored the Ingenuity of Man† (August. 18), in which he attempts to silence the Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus and his pro-population-control fanatics, the neo-Malthusians is a work of art. Paul Ehrlich and the other nay-sayers portray man as a gluttonous consumer. We will write a custom essay sample on Ray Percival or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet, by default, every healthy human being is born with two hands every stomach comes with two hands attached. As Ray Percival asserts, by producing more than he consumes man has worked his way up from the near-universal poverty that was his fate two centuries ago. In my opinion, only one argument in Percival’s article needs to be revised. In his dismissal of Ehrlich’s simple-minded declaration that â€Å"more people = more famine,† he suggests that there have been â€Å"at most 15 million famine deaths† in this century. In fact, there has been nearly twice that in China alone. Most of which occurred from 1959 to 1962, following the Great Leap Forward, a campaign undertaken by the Chinese communists between 1958 and early 1960 to organize its vast population, especially in large-scale rural communes, to address China’s industrial and agricultural problems. It was the scheming of men, not the impulses of nature that led to mass starvation after the Great Leap Forward. This, of course, is a familiar story, told in the Ukrainian famine, the Cambodian famine. We live in an age in which governments, more specifically one-party Communalist rà ©gimes, deliberately cause famines. Percival’s optimism about the ability of free human populations to feed them could not be more accurate: it takes significant malicious geniuses to create economic systems and policies which render people incapable of providing for their basic needs. The population-control advocates have come to treat their body of belief more like a religious system than a scientific theory. It is impossible to convince anyone operating within neo-Malthusian constraints of its falsity by rational or pragmatic argument otherwise. They are intensely hardened in their narrow-mindedness by the abundance of funds to which they have access, since they have managed to convince many governments and foundations that they hold the key to mankind’s success as a species: reducing the numbers of living, breathing and loving human beings. How to cite Ray Percival, Papers

Navigating Globalization Immigration Policy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Navigating Globalization and Immigration Policy. Answer: Introduction With globalization, organizations have expanded in different parts of the world. The large companies in the world like Google, Microsoft, Amazon have their presence in almost every country. The expansion of organizations in global world has increased corporate responsibility for organizations. There is an interesting debate around the corporate strategy and responsibility of organizations in global world and international market. This is definitely an interesting debate! Campbell Tham (2014) argued that it is a combination of both reason being; with globalization, not only does one benefit economically, financially, technologically but also through spread of knowledge. The west has been fortunate enough to ripe from such benefits hence their development level. To get to where they are, they have had to constantly adjust and move with the changing times. Competition is one of the biggest driving factors of businesses; employment rules have been adjusted to fit the era- people are no longer hired only based on skills but also competencies that are useful in achieving the organizations success; the workforce is more culturally diverse than ever before; international cooperation is the current hit witnessed through economic blocks, union, etc. Amidst these tough challenges, organizations have to make their way forward. The expansion of organizations has also changed the visa market (Capling Nossal, 2001). With organizations, there has been an increase in the movement of people across borders. One of the most widely used Visa to work in Australia is Visa 457. This visa is being used to fulfill the shortage of the skilled labor in the country. The objective of this paper is to discuss the arrival of Amazon in Australia and to discuss the impact of 457 visa. The paper is divided into parts. The first part discusses the entry of Amazon in Australia and the second party discusses the impact of 457 visa. Arrival of Amazon in Australia Amazon is a multinational organization that was founded in the year 1994 by Jeff Bezos. Today, it is the largest Internet-based retailer in the world by total sales and market capitalization. The company has the revenue of more than $135 billion and it has an employee strength of 3,41,000. Amazon considers Australia as one of the key markets as Australia contributes a lot towards organizational development. Today in the globalized world, conscious capitalism is the conscious of doing business the right way and being authentic; however, the difficult part for organizations is understanding in what ways they are able to be authentic when running a business (Hampson, 2014). Today, Amazon is a known brand in the country and the business has been proven beneficial for different stakeholders. The key benefits of Amazon entry in Australian market can be discussed as: The most important benefit with the arrival of Amazon is the increase in the options of choices for end-consumers. Among all the stakeholders, end-consumers are the one which has been benefited a lot. Today, consumers in Sydney can get the products with their finger tip. This has been possible only with the expansion of Amazon in Australia market. The entry of Amazon in Australian market has also increased the competitiveness in the market. Today, the existing players in the market find it difficult to maintain any monopoly in the market. This has been possible only because of increased competition (Velayutham, 2013). With Amazon, the existing players also have to give the discount and this has ultimately helped end-consumers a lot. From the perspective of government, the benefit with the entry of Amazon is the creation of more job opportunities. The entry of Amazon and other multinational organizations has created tremendous job opportunities in the local Australian market. Amazon i s an American multinational but it can bring all the employees from USA to operate in Australia. The benefit for society is the available of products without any problems. Today, the consumers in Sydney can get the products from the Indian sellers that are listed on Amazon. With the forces of globalization and the entry of Amazon in Australian market, the world has really become a small place. Today, consumes have access to the product and services from different nations at their door steps. Amazon is an e-commerce company that has the listing of all retail items. The retail industry in Australian has grown significantly with the entry of Amazon (Mares, 2012). The impact of arrival of Amazon on retail, wholesale and throughout the way business is done can be discussed as: Impact on retail, whole sale and through the way business is done Australia is one of the most favorable countries in terms of trade. Whether the domestic trade or the international trade, Australia is one of the most favorable countries for trading. The country has a very open market with less restriction than any other developed country. Domestic investors as well as the foreign investors are more than happy with the legal as well as the political environment of Australia. There are numerous commodities and services that Australia trade. With the entry of Amazon in Australia, the retail sector has got the required push. There is an increase in the growth of whole sale market also. It would be correct to say that the entire business in the country has become competitive with the entry of Amazon in the Australian market. Possibly, one of the biggest advantages of Amazon is the positive sentiments among people. Today, Australian citizens have abundant resources at their disposal (Robertson, 2014). The peoples mindset on Amazon coming to Australia ca n be discussed as: Australia is a country that is willing and actively trading with the entire world. In fact, within the last 20 years, Australias government has been establishing a strong network with many nations, which share commonalities in history, political point of views, culture through a country-to-country trade as well as international investment. Australia plays a vigorous role in not only regional but also worldwide organizations. One of many examples is, together with 50 other countries, Australia was a founder of the United Nations, which is an international organization that encourage global collaboration (Boese Campbell, 2013). With the entry of Amazon in Australia, the people mindset has been really positive. The people in the country has welcomes the move as now they have more options. The Australian citizens are happy as the entry of Amazon has increased the competition in the market and today people can easily switch the retailers. The entry of Amazon and the expansion of e-commer ce has also reduced the entry barriers and the switching barriers. The only stakeholders that may not like or welcome the entry of Amazon in Australian market would be the existing retailers in the country like Coles and Myer (Wellings, 2014). The relevance of Amazon in Australia for large retailers like Coles and Myer can be discussed as: Relevance of Amazons entry for large retailers like Coles and Myer The large retailers of the country like Cole and Myer may not welcome the step of Amazon entry in the country as it has weakened their strategic position in the market. With the entry of Amazon, people have realized the importance and benefits of electronic channel and e-commerce. Recently, Coles and Myer have also launched their e-commerce arms. However, in Australian context, it is very difficult for the local players to reach the scale of Amazon. Moreover, Amazon is a giant in e-commerce industry (Walsh, 2008). The company has the ability to sustain the losses and keep attracting the consumers mind of share and mind of wallet. This strategy is actually not feasible for Coles and Myer in long term. It is critical that the existing retailers in the country like Coles and Myer must use the strategic management approaches like horizontal integration or vertical integration to give tough competition to Amazon. The 457 visa provides two main alternatives: business sponsorship and self-sponsorship. The full title of this subclass of visa was Temporary Business (Long Stay) and was introduced soon after John Howard became Prime Minister in 1996. There was a change in the title of the visa to Temporary Work (Skilled) (Subclass 457) visa on 24 November 2012. The people who hold the 457 Visa can work in Australia for a period of 4 years. The Visa holders can also bring their partner and family along for that period. There are chances that this Visa might get abolished by the government. The government is in a fix for this Visa. At one side, government wants to fix the issue of lack of skilled labor in the country. On other side, the government wants that the jobs should be first distributed to Australian citizens and the entry of outside people should not have any impact on local citizens (Wesley, 2000). This Visa is actually an answer to handle the shortage of skills in certain industry. It can be discussed in more detail as: Australia is the fundamental post-industrialized economy that avoided the world money related downturn that happened. Nevertheless, Australia's associates have persevered through money related retreats, which has moreover impacted Australia's passage economy. The government of Australia has always focused to protect its domestic industries. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2016) highlighted that for the period 2015-2016, Australia heavily imported some major products including passenger motor vehicles, refined petroleum, telecom equipment and parts, computers and medicaments. On the other hand, the country was also a great exporter, which delivers several major types of goods to the rest of the world. Such products include mining and resources: irons ores, gold, coals, natural gas and beef. With the 457 Visa in place the government wants to ensure that the domestic industries which are export oriented should continue to grow. There are lot of strategic issues associated with 457 Visa (Birrell Healy, 2016). These strategic issues and the perception that it gives to the external world can be discussed as: Strategic issues One of the key strategic issue with this visa is that it is granted only for 4 years. There was a time when it was very easy to get the Visa. However, the regulations have tightened in recent times. However, government wants that the perception should be positive at least among the top trade partners of the country. The G20 countries are the top priority for Australias trade policy. Besides G20, commonwealth nations are also among the key trading partners of Australia. Other countries such as US, Britain, Mexico, Turkey and Korea are also very significant trade partners of Australia (Birrell Healy, 2016). It is also important to understand the issues and the viewpoint of Australian government. The broader view of Australian government on policy implementation can be discussed as: According to the survey, the Australia is the 4th largest economy in the Asian region as well as 12th largest economy in the world. Australian government monitors its trade according to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. There are Regional, Bilateral and Multinational kind of trade. As discussed above, the government is in a fix for this Visa. At one side, government wants to fix the issue of lack of skilled labor in the country. On other side, the government wants that the jobs should be first distributed to Australian citizens and the entry of outside people should not have any impact on local citizens (Birrell Healy, 2016). The arrival of imported goods has brought many benefits for Australian consumers and businesses. Imported products coming into Australia with the free flow of goods and with tax benefits, result in a cheaper product, even if taxed, this amount is not so great. The government wants that it should continue. However, the jobs of local people should not be compromised. It is also important to understand the impact of 457 Visa on management consultancy business in Australia. This impact cane be discussed in detail as: It can be said that the restriction of 457 Visa would not have positive impact on management consultancy business in Australia. The management consultancy business in Australia is always dependent on skilled resources that it gets from domestic and international market (Wright, 2014). The restriction of 457 Visa is not a welcomed step by management consultancy business. Conclusion The above paper discusses the impact of arrival of Amazon in Australian market and impact of 457 visa. By viewing the given information, it is a lot easier to analyze the trend of trade in the global market. Although Australia is one of the most globalize country in the world, the country is taking very aggressive steps towards globalization. The relations between Australia and other countries have become healthier in recent years. There are minimum restrictions to the trade in Australia when we talk about international trade (Hawthorne, 2012). This has changed the idea of foreign investment in the country and boosted trade with foreign countries. The production is witnessing boom with the gates of foreign investment opened. The government is providing favorable conditions to the investors. The trade of Australia contributed almost two-thirds of Australias economic growth. In coming year, it is expected to grow even further. It can be concluded that management consultancy business wo uld not be very happy with the restrictions imposed on 457 Visa. However, it is important that the local players in the country should find a way forward to address the skill shortage problem in the country. At the same time, government should also think from a long-term perspective. A sustainable solution could be achieved with an integrated approach among all the stakeholders like government, management consultancy businesses, organizations, employers, employees, citizens and society at large. References Birrell, B. and Healy, E., 2016. Globalization, Immigration Policy, and Youth Employment in Australia. InCreating Social Cohesion in an Interdependent World(pp. 263-280). Palgrave Macmillan US. Boese, M., Campbell, I., Roberts, W. and Tham, J.C., 2013. Temporary migrant nurses in Australia: Sites and sources of precariousness.The Economic and Labour Relations Review,24(3), pp.316-339. Campbell, I. and Tham, J.C., 2014. Labour market deregulation and temporary migrant labour schemes: An analysis of the 457 visa program. Capling, A. and Nossal, K.R., 2001. Death of distance or tyranny of distance? The Internet, deterritorialization, and the anti-globalization movement in Australia.The Pacific Review,14(3), pp.443-465. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2016). Australia and the world. Retrieved from https://dfat.gov.au/trade/resources/Documents/aust.pdf Hampson, I., 2014. Between control and consensus: globalization and Australia's enigmatic corporatism.The Global Economy, National States and the Regulation of Labour, p.138. Hawthorne, L., 2012. International medical migration: what is the future for Australia.MJA Open,1(Suppl 3), pp.18-21. Mares, P., 2012. Temporary migration and its implications for Australia.Papers on Parliament, (57). Robertson, S., 2014. Time and temporary migration: The case of temporary graduate workers and working holiday makers in Australia.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,40(12), pp.1915-1933. Velayutham, S., 2013. Precarious experiences of Indians in Australia on 457 temporary work visas.The Economic and Labour Relations Review,24(3), pp.340-361. Walsh, J., 2008, December. Navigating Globalization: Immigration Policy in Canada and Australia, 194520071. InSociological Forum(Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 786-813). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Wellings, B., 2014. Lest you forget: Memory and Australian nationalism in a global era.Nation, memory and great war commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia and New Zealand, pp.45-59. Wesley, M., 2000. Nationalism and globalization in Australia.Nationalism and globalization: East and West, p.175. Wright, C.F., 2014. How do states implement liberal immigration policies? Control signals and skilled immigration reform in Australia.Governance,27(3), pp.397-421.

Baseball Vs. Football Essay Example For Students

Baseball Vs. Football Essay Baseball vs. Football: Which Is The True American Pastime?In today’s world of big time professional sports there are the two major players and they are football represented by the National Football League (NFL) and baseball represented by Major League Baseball (MLB). Now there are other sports that the American public enjoys watching, however the argument generally boils down to which sport is the true favorite of the American people: baseball or football. In this paper I will attempt to examine both sports from several different angles to include attendance, television revenue, ticket costs, venues, salaries, entertainment value, and athlete perception. The goal of this exercise will be to determine, once and for all, which sport is the American favorite and can truly be called the â€Å"American Pastime†. One of the single greatest measurable facets of professional sports is attendance. A sport’s popularity is in direct correlation to the number of people that will show up to watch that sport. Overall 2000 regular season attendance in Major League Baseball was a record 72,782,013 in 2,416 games for an average per game crowd of 30,125 whereas official overall paid attendance in the National Football League for the 2000 season was 16,387,289 in 248 games for an average per game crowd of 66,077. The average per game crowd is the measurable statistic due to the fact that the number of games in a regular season for baseball and football are very different. A NFL team plays a regular season schedule of 16 game however a MLB team plays a regular season schedule of 162 games so average attendance per game presents an accurate picture of popularity. Therefore, football appears to be more than twice as popular as baseball when measured by attendance. Ever since the introduction of television into American pop culture professional sports organization have looked to maximize this medium. Television revenue is now big business in sports today with television networks paying large amounts of money to secure the right to broadcast sporting events. The Super Bowl (which is the championship game in the NFL) is consistently the highest rated broadcast every year, which allows the lucky network to charge ungodly amounts of money in advertising. The NFL and MLB both enjoy large television contracts although their revenue sharing plans are quite different. The NFL currently receives 2.2 billion dollars a year in television revenue, which amounts to 73 million per year per team. MLB currently receives 340 million dollars per year in television revenue, which is divided up among the teams in a formula so complicated that you need understand quantum-physics and theoretical mathematics just to gain a rudimentary understanding of the distributio n structure. These numbers are interesting in that there are less football teams to televise which means that the NFL must garner obscene ratings to demand that much money. Baseball games are on almost every night on a variety of different channels and ratings can be considered dismal when placed in comparison to the NFL. I believe the main reason for the ratings difference is season length. The NFL season is so short and every game means so much that the drama level is much higher when compared to the daily rhythm of 162 baseball games where losing one or two games a week is not considered disastrous. If a NFL team were to lose 5 games in a row chances are they would not make the playoffs however if a MLB team loses 5 games in a row they may still win it all. How much does it cost to see a professional football or baseball game? Ticket prices vary but the average ticket price in 200 for a NFL contest was $54.14 with the highest average ticket price being $74.28 to see the Washington Redskins (Washington, D.C.) and the lowest average ticket price being $33.99 to see the St. Louis Rams (St. Louis, MO). The average ticket price in 200 for a MLB contest $20.02 with the highest average ticket price being $28.33 to see the Boston Red Sox (Boston, MA) and the lowest average ticket price being $11.72 to see the Milwaukee Brewers (Milwaukee, WI). Once again the season length and game importance being the most important factors in determining ticket price. It is not realistic to expect a MLB team to ask for $75 a game over a 162 game season however the NFL can because of the short season length. These figures only take into account the admission price and not the added costs of snacks or refreshments, which can be astronomical. However, these figur es suggest that the best value for today’s American family would be to attend a baseball game. Biotechnology in food EssayAthlete perception in both sports plays a large part in attendance, television revenue, ticket costs, and several other areas within the NFL and MLB. Currently the players in the NFL are regarded as the most dangerous and out of control athletes. The recent dramas involving O.J. Simpson, Ray Carruth, and Ray Lewis have given the NFL a serious black mark among the fans. While baseball players are generally seen as a greedy bunch the football player is now seen as a criminal with little or no regard for the law. Domestic violence has now unfortunately become part of the NFL and MLB mainstream with several incidents documented in both leagues each year, yet the fans do not even seem to care about these incidents but rather focus on the more theatric, more serious, and more rare serious crimes. There are hundreds upon hundreds of domestic violence cases each year but only one stabbing outside an Atlanta nightclub involving Ray Lewis. Guess which one the publi c remembers? The NFL and MLB have taken several steps to improve their images with advertising, meet the player campaigns, and community service and only time will tell if these attempts work but I believe for all the good that these players do and for all the positive publicity that these players may gather it will only take one player to ruin it all for that is the true nature of being a celebrity. Based upon the above information I believe that MLB players are currently seen in a better light than NFL players and as more favorable role models although they may be perceived as greedy. Entertainment value is hard to measure since there is no way to know for sure what people like to see. Obviously fans of one sport will claim their sport offers the best product. Both the NFL and MLB put a solid product on the field that is well attended, relatively affordable, and fun to watch. Therefore, it is my opinion that both sports offer equal entertainment value and neither should be condemn ed on this factor. Both sports are so different that comparing their entertainment value would be unfair. As a spectator of both sports I am happy to report that I feel that both sports did an equal job in fulfilling my entertainment needs. I have examined both baseball and football from several different viewpoints and it my belief that football is truly the American pastime. Football enjoys larger average attendance, reasonable tickets costs given the season length, reasonable player salaries when compared to baseball, better overall venues, and football provides a thrilling and exciting product to watch. Football destroys baseball in television ratings and television revenue by demanding and getting television contracts that baseball can only dream about. And what is a better benchmark for popularity then television ratings? Plus football’s championship game, the Super Bowl, is part of pop culture in that practically everyone throws or attends a Super Bowl party each year. The Super Bowl is the highest rated broadcast on network television each year and serves as a gathering event for friends and families. Some companies even give their employees the next day off, which means that the Super Bowl is practically on par with a national holiday. None of these things happen for baseball. While it is true that football does get a black mark in athlete perception I believe that it more than makes up for that in the other areas and while baseball is a relatively inexpensive medium for family gatherings the baseball games just don’t carry as much importance as football. Therefore, I believe my arguments support my conclusion that football is the true American pastime and on a separate not I cannot wait for September and the first kickoff of a new season!Sports and Games

Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology Essay Example

Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology Essay Information and Communication Technology Research Paper 1. Importance of ICT in Developing Economies The spread of ICT technologies over the world has been dramatic in the past years, spearheading development all over the world. Increasing the pace of globalization, this trend opened new opportunities not only for developed nations but also for improving ones as the costs of ICT technologies decrease. Mansell Wehn (1998) note that â€Å"the increasing spread of ICTs opens up new opportunities for developing countries to harness these technologies and services to serve their development goals.† India is the most frequently cited case of explosive growth in ICT sector. However, other developing nations have also developed sizeable industries that contribute to their development, and Bangladesh is one of the successful examples. ICT sector is predicted to be at the forefront of development in South Asia that will promote its rise up to 2036 (Espiritu, 2006). The development of this sector is expected to support growth, replacing the production of raw materials with high technologies that allow rapid progress and advancement to the role of one of the world’s leading areas. In Bangladesh, building a dominant ICT sector recently became a priority in the government policies as this area was defined as â€Å"Thrust Sector† exhibiting â€Å"desire to turn Bangladesh into an ICT driven country† (INS, Asian Tribune, 2006). Possessing many advantages that can drive the development of the sector, the nation can reap benefits of advancement in a relatively short term. 2. History of ICT Sector in Bangladesh We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Information and Communication Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The beginning of the national industry can be defined in 1964 when the Bangladesh Atomic Commission was the first establishment to use computers. In later decades, mainframe computers spread to the financial sector to facilitate processing of data. In the 1980s, the printing and publishing industry began to use information technology. It was not until the 1990s that reduced price on personal computers made the use of ICT more accessible to the wide public. Given Bangladesh’s low-income level, it required several more years until the government’s decision to remove taxes on hardware and accessories and a general decline in global PC prices triggered an explosion in their proliferation. In consequence, the growth rate of computer usage averaged 40% in the past years (CentOS, n.d.). Computer technology received additional impetus from â€Å"the introduction of the direct Internet connection using VSAT in June 1996† (CentOS, n.d.). Initially, this connection was monopolized by the BTTB, a fact that allowed the agency to maintain high prices that effectively blocked access for the majority of the population. This monopoly was abolished in 2000 when Internet access soon became more affordable, reaching vast masses of people around the country (Razib, 1996). 3. Current Status of the Industry The size of ICT industry including software and IT-dependent services is estimated by the Bangladesh Association of Software Information Services (BASIS) to exceed Tk. 300 crore/year (BASIS, n.d.). The inclusion of other branches such as hardware production, Internet, and network services would bring this number to Tk. 1,000 crore/year (BASIS, n.d.). Explosive expansion demonstrated by the sector in the past six years is illustrated by the number of newly formed companies and increase in the number of IT professionals. According to CentOS, the number of hardware companies grew from 1,200 to 2,500 in the period 2000-2006, the number of software companies increased from 100 to 350, and ISP businesses from 30 to 150. Accompanying these numbers is the growth in the number of ICT professionals that reached 25,200 in 2006, up from 11,400 in 2000 (CentOS, n.d.). Growth is explained by a combination of factors that make Bangladesh well positioned for constructing a fully-fledged information technology sector. The nation’s advantages are â€Å"the unleashed English speaking youth force, skilled professionals working abroad, universities and other educational institutions turning out huge numbers of ICT graduates, a substantial number of ICT graduates studying abroad, and skilled workforce available at most competitive wages† (CentOS, n.d.). Although the BASIS notes some constraints in the current supply of IT graduates for the local industry, the association also notes that the remarkable increase in enrollment in IT-oriented university programs promises great improvements in the availability of qualified workforce. The relatively small number of software companies shows that this branch of the market has not yet fully exploited its potential, being a â€Å"late entrant to the ICT sector† (CentOS, n.d.). The demand for software development comes predominantly from the corporate market, and therefore, the most developed output is database related. The BASIS (n.d.) reports that software is at the moment propelled by the need to automate office processes including â€Å"Accounting/Finance, HR, Inventory, Billing†. At the same time, other sectors including Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and SCM (Supply Chain Management) are also developing at a quick pace. Speaking of the segments that represent the greatest users of software services, the most extensive demand comes from pharmaceutical and textile industries that account for a significant portion of the GDP and bulk of employment in Bangladesh. At the moment, more and more companies choose to specialize in the banking sector, competing in this area with inexpensive Indian software market. Businesses like Flora Limited, Beximco Computers, Techno Heaven have become the leaders in this area (Razib, 1996). The achievements of Bangladeshi software developers are represented in the annual Soft Expo exhibition. The hardware market is mostly represented by vendors importing PCs and accessories from Singapore for distribution in the local market. The annual market of over 100,000 units is largely represented by clone computers that dominate over brand computers because of their lower prices. Apple is not well represented in the Bangladeshi market because of its high pricing, and Intel dominates the processor market (Razib, 1996). Bangladesh can become an important destination for outsourcing, with its Dhaka City turning into another Bangalore. At this point, Bangladeshi software companies have signed contracts with Danish corporations for the provision of software development services. At the moment, the export of software from Bangladesh totaled $7.2 million and showed annual growth of 70% in 2003-04 and 2004-05 (BASIS, n.d.). 4. The Government’s Role in the Development of ICT Sector The administration of Bangladesh has committed itself to pursuing a focused policy that will make the nation’s ICT sector competitive with most of the world’s developments in this industry. Until 1996, however, the government paid little attention to the burgeoning industry. The situation changed when â€Å"the caretaker government of Justice Habibur Rahman opened Internet Technology for Bangladesh in June 1996† (Razib, 1996). In 1998, their successors, the government headed by Sheikh Hasina eliminated taxation on computer accessories. The efforts of the current government led by Begum Khaleda Zia resulted in increasing rate of Internet connections and spread of broadband access (Razib, 1996). On May 22, 2006, Begum Khaleda Zia, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, â€Å"inaugurated the long-awaited fibre optic submarine cable system at the landing station at Cox’s Bazar and thus connected Bangladesh to the global information superhighway†, another lan dmark event that will bring the nation closer to the global communication networks (INS, Asian Tribune, 2006). The tax-free status of ICT companies was preserved despite the nation’s general poverty and reliance on the budget. Serious attention to the development of the promising sector of the economy is displayed in the National ICT policy adopted in 2002 with the purpose of forming a knowledge-based society. This policy presented by the Ministry of Science and Information Communication Technology (2002) â€Å"aims at building an ICT-driven nation comprising of knowledge-based society by the year 2006†. In addition to the creation of skilled human resources through the increased introduction of ICT technologies at educational establishments, the program targets development of software, hardware, and services sectors within ICT industry. The creation of a government-sponsored ICT Incubator and encouragement of Non-Resident Bangladeshis to set up companies in the nation are ways to promote industry growth. The government also established an ICT Task Force headed by Prime Ministe r Begum Khaleda Zia to elaborate further details of the sector’s development. The government contributes to the development of ICT industry by initiating a series of projects related to e-Government, the aim to introduce ICT into government proceedings to increase their intensity. These projects initiated by the to ICT Task Force (SICT) account for a budget more than Tk. 60 crore. To this date, â€Å"SICT has so far floated 17 e-Governance projects out of which eight projects have been already awarded to a same number of companies† (Razib, 1996). However, growth and development of the industry remain largely driven by efforts of the private entrepreneurs and their corporate clients (Hasan, 2003, p. 111). 5. Prospects and Challenges of ICT industry Extensive government support for the industry demonstrates the recognition that the sector holds great promise for the economy that currently ranks among the least developed countries of the world. At present, Bangladesh’s â€Å"two main exports are jute and tea; both faced a price-inelastic world market demand† (Cypher, Dietz, 2004, p. 198). Unable to attract significant FDI flows and to lack population’s capacity to save given the poverty level, Bangladesh is left with its resources to overcome dependence on agricultural exports. In this light, the development of science and technology represented by the ICT sector appears most promising (Wignaraja, 2002, p.95). There are still serious obstacles to the development of the sector in Bangladesh. First, many residents cannot properly take advantage of its progress since â€Å"computers cost as much as half a year’s salary, and a modem costs more than a cow† (Mansell Wehn, 1998, p.250). However, electronic communication spreads slowly but continuously, often aided by the efforts of NGOs like Drik, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, an organization engaged in the provision of unofficial e-mail services, connecting wide layers of the population to the Internet. In general, â€Å"lack of IT awareness in the public sector and lack of capital investment are the two major hurdles†, combined with lack of confidence in the sector’s prospects on the part of foreign investors, including non-resident Bangladeshis (BASIS, 2004). Lack of adequate infrastructure also remains a serious obstacle. The development of Internet access is mostly blocked by the low teledensity in the nation. In 1999, Bangladesh compared unfavorably against most nations in Asia Pacific, with its teledensity rate of just 0.5% against the regional average of 8.5% (Sobhan, Khaleque, Rahman, S., 2002, p. 9). The Public Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTN), the backbone for Internet connections, is available in a limited area encompassing Dhaka and major cities. The penetration in rural areas is only marginal. Internet access is characterized by low bandwidth capacity ranging between 100 and 150 Mbps, and connection speed averaging 64 kbps-2 Mbps (Sobhan, Khaleque, Rahman, S., 2002, p. 9). These technical limitations restrict the development of Internet networks, in addition to the high cost of hardware compared to local incomes and poor acquaintance with Internet usage. The development of the ICT sector in Bangladesh holds promise for many key areas that can propel the nation’s development including higher education. Recently, Bangladesh saw a surge in the number of distance education programs that permit democratization of education. The leader in this area, Bangladesh Open University (BOU) now relies on a combination of â€Å"print, correspondence tuition, audio-visual materials, broadcasting, and face-to-face tuition† (Harry, 1999, p. 173-174). Information technology can be another option helping the university and similar establishments deliver educational materials to prospective students and in this way broadening its reach. Conclusion The ICT sector in Bangladesh is crucial to the development of this developing nation and has the potential to dramatically affect living standards and the nation’s position in the global economy. Increased affordability of computer and communication technologies help reach vast masses of population, and the presence of a qualified workforce with competitive wages is an essential prerequisite for the successful development of the sector. With extensive government support and proclaimed orientation toward e-Government, the situation in the ICT industry is being taken seriously by politicians. Bangladesh can aspire to create its hardware industry as well as establish a high position in the software market. At the same time, there is still a lot to be done to overcome obstacles posed by poverty, lack of required investment, and inadequate infrastructure.

Banning Corporal Punishment in Schools

Banning Corporal Punishment in Schools What is corporal punishment? The National Association of School Nurses defines it as â€Å"the intentional infliction of physical pain as a method of changing behavior. It may include methods such as hitting, slapping, punching, kicking, pinching, shaking, use of various objects (paddles, belts, sticks, or others), or painful body postures. Still Legal in 22  States While corporal punishment such as paddling, spanking and hitting students disappeared from private schools by the 1960s, according to an article published by NPR in December 2016,  it is still permitted in public schools in 22  states, which can be broken down into 7 states that simply dont prohibit it and 15 states that expressly permit it. The following seven states still have laws on their books that do not prohibit corporal punishment: IdahoColoradoSouth DakotaKansasIndianaNew HampshireMaine The following 15 states expressly permit corporal punishment in schools: AlabamaArizonaArkansas  FloridaGeorgiaKentuckyLouisianaMississippiMissouriNorth CarolinaOklahomaSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasWyoming What is ironic about this situation is that no accredited teachers college in the U.S. advocates the use of corporal punishment. If they dont teach the use of corporal punishment in the classroom, why is the use of it still legal? The United States is the only nation in the western world which still permits corporal punishment in its schools. Canada banned corporal punishment in 2004. No European country permits corporal punishment. So far, the United States Congress has not acted on requests from organizations such as Human Rights Watch and the American Civil Liberties Union to enact federal legislation banning corporal punishment. Since education is widely viewed as a local and state matter, any further banning of corporal punishment will probably have to occur at that level. If, on the other hand, the federal government were to withhold funding from states where corporal punishment is legal, the local authorities might be more inclined to pass the appropriate laws. Rationale for Corporal Punishment Corporal punishment in one form or another has been around schools for centuries. It certainly is not a new issue. In the Roman Family children learned by imitation and corporal punishment. Religion also plays a role in the history of disciplining children by spanking or hitting them. Many people interpret Proverbs 13:24 literally when it states: Spare the rod and spoil the child. Why Should Corporal Punishment Be Banned? Research has shown that corporal punishment in the classroom is not an effective practice, and can cause more harm than good. Research has also shown that more students of color and students with disabilities experience instances of corporal punishment more than their peers. The research shows that children who are beaten and abused are more likely to be prone to depression, low self-esteem and suicide. The simple fact that corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure is not part of any education curriculum indicates that educators at every level know that it has no place in the classroom. Discipline can and should be taught be example and non-physical consequences. Most leading professional associations oppose corporal punishment in all its forms.  Corporal punishment is not allowed in the military, mental institutions or prisons, either. I learned years ago about corporal punishment from a man who was an expert in the field. I co-founded a high school in Nassau, Bahamas in 1994. As deputy director of the school, one of the first issues I had to deal with was discipline. Dr. Elliston Rahming, the owner and director of the school, was a criminologist. He had very firm views about the subject: there would be no corporal punishment of any kind. We had to find better, more effective ways than beating to enforce discipline. In the Bahamas, beating children was, and still, is an accepted disciplinary method in the home and in the school. Our solution was to develop a Code of Discipline which basically penalized unacceptable behavior according to the severity of the infraction. Everything from dress code to drugs, weapons and sexual infractions was covered. Remediation and resolution, retraining and reprogramming were the goals. Yes, we did get to the point on two or three occasions where we actually did suspend and expel st udents. The biggest problem we faced was breaking the cycle of abuse. What Happens in Americas Private Schools? Most private schools frown on the use of corporal punishment. Most schools have found more enlightened and effective methods for dealing with disciplinary issues. Honor codes and clearly spelled out results for infractions combined with contract law give private schools an edge in dealing with discipline. Basically, if you do something seriously wrong, you will get suspended or expelled from school. You will have no recourse because you have no legal rights other than those in the contract which you signed with the school. Things Parents Can Do What can you do? Write the state education departments of the states which still permit corporal punishment. Let them know that you oppose its use. Write your legislators and urge them to make corporal punishment illegal. Blog about local incidents of corporal punishment whenever appropriate. Organizations Opposed to Corporal Punishment in Schools The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry opposes the use of corporal punishment in schools and takes issue with laws in some states legalizing such corporal punishment and protecting adults who use it from prosecution for child abuse. The American School Counselor Association: ASCA seeks the elimination of corporal punishment in schools. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that corporal punishment in schools be abolished in all states by law and that alternative forms of student behavior management be used. The National Association of Secondary School Principals believes that the practice of corporal punishment in schools should be abolished and that principals should utilize alternative forms of discipline. The National Center for the Study of Corporal Punishment and Alternatives (NCSCPA) tracks information about this subject and puts out updates. It also offers an interesting reading list and other materials. Interview With Jordan Riak Jordan Riak is the Executive Director of Project NoSpank, an organization which is dedicated to the eradication of corporal punishment in our schools. In this article, he responds to some of our questions regarding corporal punishment. How Prevalent is Corporal Punishment in Schools? With the exception of those who are directly affected, most people are unaware that in more than 20  states, teachers and school administrators have the legal right to physically batter pupils. Children are sent home with bruised buttocks daily in untold numbers. There is a downward trend in the number of paddlings annually, which is encouraging, but still a small comfort to victims. Editors note: outdated data has been removed, but recent studies have shown that more than 100,000 students were physically punished in 2013-2014.  But the true numbers are surely higher than the records show. Since the data is supplied voluntarily, and since those reporting arent especially proud of what they are admitting to, under-reporting is inevitable. Some schools decline to participate in the Office for Civil Rights survey. When I inform people of the extensive use of corporal punishment in the schools, they almost invariably react with astonishment. Those who remember the paddle from their own school days tend to assume (erroneously) that its use had long since faded into history. Those who are fortunate enough to have attended schools where corporal punishment wasnt used or who lived in the states where bans were in effect are incredulous when presented with information about its current use. The following anecdote is illustrative. I was invited to address a class of students at San Francisco State University who were preparing to become school counselors. Some in the group already had teaching experience. At the conclusion of my presentation, one of the students- a teacher- opined that surely I was misinformed about the situation in California. Corporal punishment just isnt allowed here and hasnt been for years, she flatly insisted. I knew otherwise. I asked her where she had attended school and in w hich districts she had worked. As I expected, the places she named all had district-wide policies against the use of corporal punishment. She was unaware that in neighboring communities students were being paddled legally. Paddlers dont advertise, and one cant blame her for not knowing. The use of corporal punishment by public school teachers in California became illegal on January 1, 1987. In the United States, there is a long-standing gentlemans agreement between government, the media, and the educational establishment to avoid any mention of teacher violence. Typical of such taboos, adherents not only refrain from entering forbidden territory but come to believe that no such territory exists. An indignant correspondent wrote me the following: In my twenty years as a teacher in Texas, I never saw one student paddled. Strictly speaking, he might have been telling the truth about what he hadnt seen, but its hard to believe he was unaware of what was going on all around him. Recently I heard this on the radio. An author who had written about sports heroes influence as role models on youth was just concluding an interview and was beginning to field listeners calls. One caller recounted his experience at high school where a coach routinely beat up players. He told how one student who had been victimized by the coach later encountered him in public and punched him. The show s host abruptly cut off the call, and said laughingly, Well, there you have the darker side. Sounds like a movie by____ and hastened to the next caller. Rest assured, the United States does not have a monopoly on denial in this regard. At a conference on child abuse in Sydney in 1978, when I raised a question from the floor about why none of the presenters had talked about caning in schools, the moderator replied, It seems the things you want to talk about, Mr. Riak, are not the things we want to talk about. At that same conference, where I had set up a table to distribute anti-corporal punishment literature, a member of the New South Wales education department told me this: The corporal punishment controversy that youve been stirring up here is causing more broken friendships in the department than any other issue I can remember. Caning is no longer legal in Australian schools, and hopefully, old friendships have mended. How Do You Define Corporal Punishment? There never has been, and probably never will be, a definition of corporal punishment that doesnt stir debate. The American College Dictionary, 1953 Edition, defines corporal punishment as physical injury inflicted on the body of one convicted of a crime, and including the death penalty, flogging, sentence to a term of years, etc. The California Education Code, 1990 Compact Edition, Section 49001 defines it as the willful infliction, or willfully causing the infliction of physical pain on a pupil. Proponents of corporal punishment typically define the practice in personal terms, i.e., what they experienced when they were children, and what they now do to their children. Query any spanker on what it means to corporally punish a child and you will hear autobiography. When one attempts to distinguishing corporal punishment from child abuse, the confusion deepens. Lawmakers, as a rule, duck this conundrum. When it is forced on them, they act as though they are walking on eggs as they grope for language doesnt cramp the style of child punishers. Thats why legal definitions of child abuse are models of vagueness- an heroic accomplishment for those trained in the art of exactitude- and a boon to lawyers who defend abusers. School corporal punishment in schools United States typically involves requiring the student to bend forward as far as possible thus making the protruding posterior a convenient target for the punisher. That target is then struck one or more times with a flat board called a paddle. This causes sharp upward jolts to the spinal column accompanied by bruising, soreness and discoloration of the buttocks. Since the locus of impact is close to the anus and genitals, the sexual component of the act is unarguable. Nevertheless, possible adverse effects on the developing sexuality of young victims are ignored. Furthermore, the possibility that certain punishers are using the act as a pretext for gratifying their own perverse sexual appetites is also ignored. When these risk factors are cited, corporal punishment apologists typically dismiss the suggestion with derisive laughter and retorts such as, Oh, comon, please! Gime a break! Forced exercise is one of several unacknowledged forms of corporal punishment. Though the practice is unequivocally condemned by physical education experts, it is widely used, even in states that ban corporal punishment. It is a staple of locked facilities where troubled youth are corralled ostensibly for the purpose of being reformed. Not allowing children to void bodily waste when the need arises is another form of corporal punishment. It is physically and psychologically dangerous in the extreme, but its use against schoolchildren of all ages is ubiquitous. Punitive restriction of movement also qualifies as corporal punishment. When done to incarcerated adults, it is deemed a violation of human rights. When done to schoolchildren, its called discipline. In school environments where buttocks beating is key to student management and discipline, all the myriad lesser insults to which children are prey such as ear twisting, cheek squeezing, finger jabbing, arm grabbing, slamming against the wall and general manhandling are apt to pass unchronicled and unrecognized for what they really are. Article updated by Stacy Jagodowski

Comparison of Desk Suit with Chest of Drawers in Relation to Essay

Comparison of Desk Suit with Chest of Drawers in Relation to Surrealism - Essay Example The essay "Comparison of Desk Suit with Chest of Drawers in Relation to Surrealism" analyzes similarity and contrast of two paintings. The paper provide a comparison of Desk suit (1936) with Chest of drawers (1936) in the context of surrealism. Surrealism was a cultural and literary movement that promoted the automatic and creative thinking among members of a society. The two painters were among the major proponents of the cultural and artistic movement. Their two paintings are therefore fundamental in fostering the growth of the ideologies at the time. In the first section will be discussed Salvador Dali’s painting and in the second will be discussed Elisa Schiaparelli’s painting. / The painting is an artistic masterpiece that embodies the dictates of surrealism. The painting of a human with his bodies partitioned by drawers is a representation of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis. Art is a cultural product that often criticizes and represents the society. Sigmund Freud developed unique ideas of psychology that remains essential to the study to date. As such, Dali borrowed his ideas at the time to visualize the dictates of his ideologies. The artistic painting is an imaginative representation of Freud’s unique psychology that assets that the human body consists of platonic. The separate drawers represent the various secrets that a human keeps all of which are accessible only through an effective psychoanalysis as proposed by Sigmund Freud. The painting is unique as it communicates to a specific audience.

Management and Leadership development (Are leaders born or made) Essay

Management and Leadership development (Are leaders born or made) - Essay Example The model has been identified but not applied to organisations How do you demonstrate that your idea in part one will actually work in a real life environment? Would this be a universal model? (Refer to paper one) There is no indication of this model being universal, include at the beginning or the end Prove that it works. The model hasn’t been proven to work Show how it works and in relation to your literature? Not enough Demonstrate my model or concept could work in a variety of sectors e.g. public sector, commercial sector, or how it would work in different sizes of organisations, e.g small, medium and large Identified organisations but not applied the model the way they operate in leadership development Pick out the main points on the organisations (critical information) and that have relevance to if leaders are born or made and remove the rest of the material as it is descriptive and irrelevant, (This paper is only meant to be (2200 words max) The essay has some valid poi nts on organisations – However, they need to be backed by theory and all related to whether leaders are born or developed and the suggested model in the introduction I have also highlighted some points below Investigate the Operationalisation of Management and Leadership Development into Practice, Based on the Key Ideas Identified in Part One Part one entailed exploring into the study of contemporary management and leadership development, focusing on the topic ‘Are Leaders Born or Developed over Time’. Apart from presenting an array of diverse literatures that reviewed both arguments, the outcome of the study indicated that no one is a natural born leader. The case studies now will be discussing on how these theories and practices are displayed in management and leadership styles in the real life working environment across various sectors. The model that would be applied is based on the theoretical framework that leaders are developed over time. Through the concu rrent collaborative applications of both Adair (2003) and House (1971) who argued that leaders don’t have to be born but can develop leadership skills (Adair, 2003) and leaders set goals with employees and find paths, takes action, and develop one’s knowledge, skills and abilities as leaders (House, 1971) towards the achievement of organisational goals. Research by Giber (2009) has proved that if we tie leadership development to business strategy to the need of the business, it results in excellent organisational growth. The pressure to integrate leadership development activities and initiatives in the overall strategic objective of the business is the most important and overarching trend in recent history. Discussion Rolls Royce is a technology leader which employes 36,000 people assigned in offices, manufacturing and service facilities operating in 50 countries. The company has long history of employee development but currently they are reexamining their development strategy. In 2005, a review of talent management has been conducted, which until now, was being managed locally within business units. Currently, a new concept of talent management at global scale has been introduced (Jane Yarnall, 2008). Rolls Royce has realized the importance of talent management and that it should not be a standalone approach. Leaders can only emerge by identifying the potential talent